预防儿童铅中毒的教育干预措施的有效性:系统综述。

IF 3 4区 医学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Reviews on Environmental Health Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI:10.1515/reveh-2023-0108
Joanna Balza, Jean C Bikomeye, Kathryn E Flynn
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引用次数: 0

摘要

导言:儿童期接触铅会造成严重的健康后果,包括长期的身体、行为和学习问题。铅中毒通常发生在家中,并作为一种环境不公正的形式持续存在,对某些儿童的影响因社会经济地位、移民身份和种族等因素而不同。由于消除铅含量成本高昂,许多预防计划都依赖于教育干预。我们进行了一项系统性研究,以评估教育干预对降低儿童血铅含量(BLL)的有效性:根据 PRISMA-P 指南,图书馆员指导的检索策略纳入了与铅中毒和教育相关的特定数据库主题词和关键词,并涵盖了四个数据库:Ovid MEDLINE、Scopus、Web of Science Core Collection 和 CINAHL。两名审稿人对符合纳入标准(原创研究、研究人群为 18 岁以下儿童、纳入教育干预措施、结果为 BLL)的结果进行了筛选:我们筛选了 2,062 项非重复研究的标题、78 项研究的摘要和 23 篇文章的全文,最终有 17 篇文章符合资格标准。有 13 项研究采用了多管齐下的干预措施,因此无法对教育部分的有效性进行全面评估。在降低 BLL 方面取得成功的干预措施包括一些值得注意的要素:干预措施的长期性、对文化和种族的考虑;采用社区或家庭方法;以及提供清洁用品或协助清洁。在 4 项仅采用教育干预措施的研究中,有 3 项成功降低了 BLL。在使用对照组的 12 项研究中,有 6 项研究发现其干预措施成功降低了 BLL。本综述发现,教育干预措施,无论是单独使用还是作为多管齐下方法的一部分,都不能持续降低儿童的 BLL。不过,在无法采取更有力的干预措施时,教育干预措施可能会降低儿童铅中毒的严重程度。
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Effectiveness of educational interventions for the prevention of lead poisoning in children: a systematic review.

Introduction: Childhood exposure to lead has severe health consequences including long-term physical, behavioral, and learning problems. Lead poisoning often occurs in the home and persists as a form of environmental injustice, disparately impacting certain children based on factors such as socioeconomic status, immigration status, and race. Because abatement is costly, many prevention programs rely on educational interventions. We conducted a systematic review to assess the effectiveness of educational interventions on reducing blood lead levels (BLL) in children.

Content: Following PRISMA-P guidelines, a librarian-guided search strategy incorporated database-specific subject headings and keywords related to lead poisoning and education, and encompassed four databases: Ovid MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science Core Collection and CINAHL. Two reviewers screened the results for those that met inclusion criteria (original research, study population of children under 18 years, inclusion of an educational intervention, outcome of BLL).

Summary and outlook: We screened the titles of 2,062 non-duplicate studies, the abstracts of 78 studies, and full texts of 23 articles, resulting in 17 articles that met eligibility criteria. Thirteen studies used multi-pronged interventions, which precluded comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of the educational component. Interventions that had success in lowering BLL included some notable elements: longevity of intervention, consideration of culture and ethnicity; use of a community or home-based approach; and provision of supplies or assistance with cleaning. Of the four of studies that used solely educational interventions, three were successful in reducing BLL. Among the 12 studies that used a control group, six found their interventions to be successful in reducing BLL. This review found that educational interventions, either alone or as part of a multi-pronged approach, do not consistently reduce BLL in children. However, educational interventions may decrease severity of lead poisoning in children when more robust interventions are not feasible.

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来源期刊
Reviews on Environmental Health
Reviews on Environmental Health Social Sciences-Health (social science)
CiteScore
7.20
自引率
2.60%
发文量
75
期刊介绍: Reviews on Environmental Health (REVEH) is an international peer-reviewed journal that aims to fill the need for publication of review articles on hot topics in the field of environmental health. Reviews on Environmental Health aims to be an inspiring forum for scientists, environmentalists, physicians, engineers, and students who are concerned with aspects of human health, including quality of life, that are determined by physiological and psychosociological interactions between man and physical, chemical, biological, and social factors in the environment. Reviews on Environmental Health is an important niche served by no other journal, that’s being a site where thoughtful reviews can be published on a variety of subjects related to both health and environment. One challenge is to bridge the research on environmental causes of disease with the clinical practice of medicine. Reviews on Environmental Health is a source of integrated information on environment and health subjects that will be of value to the broad scientific community, whether students, junior and senior professionals, or clinicians.
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