Chapitre 5. From individuals to social: The needs for a global ethics overview in pharmacogenomics.

As a part of personalized medicine, pharmacogenomics (PGx) allows practitioners to provide the right drug for a given patient, in accordance with the result of a genetic test. This practice raises many ethical issues that are discussed in the literature, sometimes within the larger context of personalized medicine. This article is based on a literature review that is original insofar as it is interdisciplinary and based on an approach that articulates individual and social rights. Here, we propose to reconsider some classic ethical issues, such as informed consent, incidental findings and data protection which are raised by genetic testing and also by PGx in the same or in a different way. We also analyse broader collective issues around racialization and health equality. Our purpose is to contribute in drawing links and parallels between individual rights and collective rights using a social approach. This analysis discusses these ethical issues in research and in clinical setting, understanding the treatment of the individual in his dual quality of patient and research participant.