用区域人口趋势解释城市绿地鸟类数量变化

IF 2.5 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Urban Ecosystems Pub Date : 2024-02-27 DOI:10.1007/s11252-024-01527-z
Carmen Emilie Skjelvik, Svein Dale
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引用次数: 0

摘要

城市鸟类物种是区域物种库的一个子集,由能够在城市地区生存或定居的物种组成。城市鸟类是典型的非森林留鸟,食性广泛,筑巢于树木高处或洞穴中,一些研究还发现它们的大脑较大。然而,人们对城市鸟类群落如何随时间变化知之甚少。是城市环境施加了有利于特定物种或生态群落的特定选择性压力,还是城市地区鸟类的种群变化仅仅反映了更大范围内的种群趋势?我们根据相隔约 15 年的调查,评估了挪威首都奥斯陆 45 种陆地繁殖鸟类的种群变化。奥斯陆地区的种群变化与地区层面的变化(挪威和瑞典的全国种群趋势)最为接近。因此,在奥斯陆增加的物种也是那些在地区范围内增加的物种。我们没有发现相对脑容量、饮食或栖息地偏好影响种群趋势的证据。然而,在控制了地区种群趋势后,筑巢地点和迁徙也产生了额外的残余影响:在地面或低矮灌木丛中筑巢的物种比在高处或树洞中筑巢的物种有更多的积极变化,留鸟的表现要好于远距离或近距离迁徙的物种。这些结果表明,城市环境并不是只受自身选择压力影响的孤立岛屿,而是与区域种群动态相关联的,很可能是通过移民产生的。
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Bird population changes in urban green spaces explained by regional population trends

Urban bird species represent a subset of the regional species pool, consisting of species that have been able to survive in, or colonise, urban areas. Urban birds are typically resident non-forest species with a broad diet and nesting high in trees or in cavities, and some studies have also claimed that they are large-brained. However, little is known about how urban bird communities change over time. Does the urban environment impose specific selective pressures favouring particular species or ecological groups, or do birds in urban areas simply have population changes reflecting population trends at larger scales? We assessed population changes of 45 breeding land bird species in Oslo, the capital of Norway, based on surveys conducted ca. 15 years apart. Population changes within Oslo most closely matched changes occurring at the regional level (national population trends from Norway and Sweden). Thus, species increasing in Oslo were those that also increased at the regional level. We found no evidence that relative brain size, diet or habitat preferences influenced population trends. However, controlling for regional population trends, there were additional residual effects of nest site and migration: species nesting on the ground or low in bushes had more positive changes than species nesting high in trees or in cavities, and resident species did better than long- or short-distance migrants. These results indicate that urban environments are not isolated islands only influenced by own selection pressures, but are connected with regional population dynamics, most likely through immigration.

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来源期刊
Urban Ecosystems
Urban Ecosystems BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION-ECOLOGY
CiteScore
5.70
自引率
6.90%
发文量
113
期刊介绍: Urban Ecosystems is an international journal devoted to scientific investigations of urban environments and the relationships between socioeconomic and ecological structures and processes in urban environments. The scope of the journal is broad, including interactions between urban ecosystems and associated suburban and rural environments. Contributions may span a range of specific subject areas as they may apply to urban environments: biodiversity, biogeochemistry, conservation biology, wildlife and fisheries management, ecosystem ecology, ecosystem services, environmental chemistry, hydrology, landscape architecture, meteorology and climate, policy, population biology, social and human ecology, soil science, and urban planning.
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