2023 年 3 月风暴的热层风响应:自 2009 年以来在挪威特罗姆瑟使用法布里-珀罗干涉仪观测到的最大风力

IF 3.7 2区 地球科学 Space Weather Pub Date : 2024-02-27 DOI:10.1029/2023sw003728
S. Oyama, H. Vanhamäki, L. Cai, A. Shinbori, K. Hosokawa, T. Sakanoi, K. Shiokawa, A. Aikio, I. I. Virtanen, Y. Ogawa, Y. Miyoshi, S. Kurita, N. Nishitani
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摘要

太阳周期 24-25 一直很平静,直到 2023 年 3 月下旬发生 Sym-H 指数为 -170 nT 的地磁暴。3 月 23-24 日,挪威特罗姆瑟的法布里-珀罗干涉仪(FPI;630 nm)记录到 2009 年以来最高的热层风速,超过 500 m/s。与斯堪的纳维亚磁强计读数的比较表明,大量电磁能量被转移到电离层-热大气层系统。电子总含量图显示极光椭圆扩大,并揭示出在风暴主阶段的很长一段时间内,FPI 观测到的风靠近极冠,而不是在椭圆内部。在风暴期间,FPI风具有很强的赤道方向分量,这可能是由于极盖中强大的反太阳电离层等离子流。风暴前 6 天的 IMF Y 分量为正,导致在风暴主阶段 FPI 测得的风向连续向西。3 月 24 日,即风暴恢复阶段的第一天,热层风受到干扰,高纬度地区的电离层密度显著下降。这种密度下降持续了数天,风暴期间的大量电磁能改变了热层动力学和电离层等离子体密度。
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Thermospheric Wind Response to March 2023 Storm: Largest Wind Ever Observed With a Fabry-Perot Interferometer in Tromsø, Norway Since 2009
Solar cycles 24–25 were quiet until a geomagnetic storm with a Sym-H index of −170 nT occurred in late March 2023. On March 23–24, a Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI; 630 nm) in Tromsø, Norway, recorded the highest thermospheric wind speed of over 500 m/s since 2009. Comparisons with magnetometer readings in Scandinavia showed that a large amount of electromagnetic energy was transferred to the ionosphere-thermosphere system. Total electron content maps suggested an enlarged auroral oval and revealed that the FPI observed winds near the polar cap instead of inside the oval for a long period during the storm main phase. The FPI wind had a strong equatorward component during the storm, likely because of the powerful anti-sunward ionospheric plasma flow in the polar cap. The positive Y-component of the IMF for 6 days before the storm caused a successive westward component of the FPI-measured wind during the storm main phase. On March 24, the first day of the storm recovery phase, thermospheric wind disturbed and the ionospheric density decreased significantly at high latitudes. This density depression lasted for several days, and a large amount of electromagnetic energy during the storm modified the thermospheric dynamics and ionospheric plasma density.
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