Callainireinwardtia Savage (Diptera, Muscidae) is a Cyrtoneurininae of uncertain position: Systematics and description of a new species from Brazil

Callainireinwardtia Savage is a genus of Neotropical Cyrtoneurininae known from Callainireinwardtia woodi Savage, a species only known from six specimens collected in Costa Rica. Considering the combination of a bare anepimeron, metallic blue-green color, and the morphology of the post-abdomen, the original author proposed that the genus belongs to Reinwardtiini, whose taxa are considered to belong to Cyrtoneurininae or Reinwardtiinae in more recent classifications. Here, we have described Callainireinwardtia papaveroi sp. nov. isolated from Brazil. For the first time, we also tested the phylogenetic position of the genus using molecular markers (AATS, CAD, EF1-α) based on a taxonomic sample of Muscidae. We could amplify EF1-α from C. papaveroi sp. nov. and analyzed the dataset using maximum likelihood. Although different analytical strategies yielded different results for the sister group of the genus, we recovered its position among Cyrtoneurininae in all cases, corroborating the previous hypothesis. Depending on the partitioning scheme, Callainireinwardtia is either a sister group of Synthesiomyia, the clade (Synthesiomyia nudiseta + Neomuscina), or a clade composed of eight Cyrtoneurininae genera (Synthesiomyia, Neomuscina, Chaetagenia, Eginia, Muscina, Passeromyia, Philornis, and Pseudoptilolepis). Considering the limitations of our dataset, the sister-group hypothesis should be carefully considered. We have also provided a key for the identification of the genus and its species, a distribution map, and an updated taxonomic catalog of the genus.