Zoologischer Anzeiger最新文献

Morphology and sexual dimorphism of antennal sensilla in longhorn beetle Moechotypa diphysis (Pascoe, 1871) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae) 长角甲虫（Moechotypa diphysis, Pascoe, 1871）触角感受器的形态和性别二态性（鞘翅目：天牛科：纹甲科）

IF 1.5 3区生物学 Q2 ZOOLOGY

Zoologischer Anzeiger

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2026.01.011

Xin Tong , Wen-Jing Wu , Shu-Yue Liu , Lei Wang

Antennae are essential sensory organs of insects, and their sensory functions are realized by various sensilla. Numerous studies have highlighted notable the interspecific and intraspecific variations in the antennal sensilla among insects. However, given the vast diversity of insect species, there is less research interest in terms of the morphology and sexual dimorphism of their antennal sensilla. In this study, the morphology and distribution of antennal sensilla of both sexes (male, female) of Moechotypa diphysis (Pascoe, 1871) (Cerambycidae: Lamiinae) were investigated using scanning electron microscopy. The results show that the ratio of antennal length to body length is considerably higher in males compared to females. Both sexes display the same types of sensilla, including sensilla chaetica (three subtypes), Böhm bristles, sensilla trichodea (two subtypes), and sensilla basiconica. Additionally, numerous cuticular pores are widely distributed on the antennal surface. Although the distribution of sensilla between males and females shows no major differences, sexual dimorphisms are observed in the size and number of certain sensillum types. In terms of quantity, males have significantly more sensilla chaetica and sensilla basiconica than females. For size, sensilla chaetica, Böhm bristles, and sensilla basiconica tend to be slightly larger in males compared to those of the female, although these differences are not always statistically discernible. The differences in sensilla size and quantity between the two sexes may reflect the intraspecific differences in the chemical and mechanical sensing mechanisms. Our findings may provide foundational data for future research into the sensory physiological functions of specific sensilla types in longhorn beetles.

触角是昆虫的重要感觉器官，触角的感觉功能是由各种感受器实现的。大量的研究强调了昆虫触角感受器的种间和种内变异。然而，由于昆虫种类的巨大多样性，在其触角感受器的形态和性别二态性方面的研究兴趣较少。本文用扫描电镜研究了双physmoechotypa (Pascoe, 1871) （Cerambycidae: Lamiinae）雌雄（雌雄）触角感受器的形态和分布。结果表明，雄性的触角长度与体长之比明显高于雌性。两性都有相同类型的感受器，包括毛感受器（三种亚型），Böhm刚毛感受器（两种亚型）和基本感受器。此外，触角表面广泛分布着许多角质层孔。虽然雌雄之间的感受器分布没有明显差异，但在某些感受器类型的大小和数量上存在两性二态性。在数量上，雄虫的毛囊感器和基感器明显多于雌虫。就大小而言，雄性的毛感器、Böhm毛和基本感器往往比雌性稍大，尽管这些差异在统计上并不总是明显的。两性间感受器大小和数量的差异可能反映了种内化学和机械感知机制的差异。本研究结果可为今后深入研究长角甲虫特定类型感受器的感觉生理功能提供基础数据。

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引用次数: 0

Genus Hemicytherura (Crustacea, Ostracoda) in Korea with description of a new species and the first insight into its molecular phylogeny 属Hemicytherura(甲壳纲动物,介形亚纲)在韩国的描述新物种和第一洞察其分子系统学

IF 1.5 3区生物学 Q2 ZOOLOGY

Zoologischer Anzeiger

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2026.01.013

Hyunsu Yoo , Anna B. Jöst , Huyen Thi Minh Pham , Jingyu Du , Ivana Karanovic

Hemicytherura Elofson, 1941 contains over 100 species globally, described mostly from fossil and subfossil assemblages. They are minute, mostly phytal ostracods, with an intricate pattern of fossae and muri on the surface of the shell. This pattern has been used to define four species groups in the genus, but only 10 living species from Japan and Taiwan have been classified using this labelling. Eight species have been reported so far from Korea, albeit mostly briefly. Here we study six species, collected from eight littoral localities on the South Korean mainland and Jeju Island: Hemicytherura cuneata Hanai, 1957; Hemicytherura japonica Kaseda & ikeya, 2011; Hemicytherura kajiyamai Hanai, 1957; Hemicytherura occidens n. sp., Hemicytherura okuboi Kaseda & ikeya, 2011; and H. sp. The new species is proposed based on morphological and genetic differences in partial ITS and CO1 regions; these two genes were also used to test the phylogenetic basis of the existing species groups. Morphologically, H. occidens is very similar to Hemicytherura huangi Kaseda & ikeya, 2011, Hemicytherura notoensis Kaseda & ikeya, 2011, and H. okuboi, but differs from all three in the appearance of the outer clasping apparatus on the hemipenis. Phylogenetic tree resulting from the analysis of the ITS region (but not CO1) supports a close relationship of the new species with H. kajiyamai and H. okuboi (both members of the kajiyamai-group) with high posterior probabilities. The other three Korean species studied belong to the cuneata-group. The existing four groups are used to classify another 25 Hemicytherura species, and two new groups (anomala and clathrata) are proposed for further 18 species. Our new groups are also based on the surface ornamentation of the shell, but without using fossae and muri labelling.

Hemicytherura Elofson， 1941在全球有超过100种，主要来自化石和亚化石组合。它们是微小的，主要是植物的介形虫，外壳表面有复杂的凹窝和muri图案。这种模式被用来定义属中的四个种群，但只有来自日本和台湾的10个现存物种被使用这种标记分类。到目前为止，在韩国已经报道了8种，尽管大多是短暂的。本文研究了从韩国大陆和济州岛8个沿海地区采集的6个物种：半紫菜（Hemicytherura cuneata）， 1957；日本Kaseda & &； ikeya, 2011；Hanai, 1957；日本，日本，日本，2011；根据ITS和CO1部分区域的形态和遗传差异提出了新种；这两个基因也被用来测试现有种群的系统发育基础。从形态上看，西鲱与黄鲱（Hemicytherura Kaseda &; ikeya, 2011）、北鲱（Hemicytherura Kaseda &; ikeya, 2011）和奥久保伊鲱（h.o kuboi）非常相似，但在半阴茎上的外扣器的外观上与这三种蜥蜴不同。ITS区（非CO1区）分析的系统发育树具有较高的后验概率，支持该新种与kajiyamai类群成员H. kajiyamai和H. okuboi亲缘关系。研究的另外三个韩国物种属于cunata -group。现有的4个类群被用来对另外25个半纲纲物种进行分类，另外的18个物种被建议划分为2个新的类群（异常类和笼形类）。我们的新组也是基于壳的表面纹饰，但没有使用窝和muri标记。

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引用次数: 0

Resolving the taxonomic status of Eulimnadia cylindrova sensu lato (Branchiopoda: Spinicaudata) and its cryptic species based on morphological and molecular data 基于形态学和分子资料分析拟圆柱拟尾藻及其隐种的分类地位

IF 1.5 3区生物学 Q2 ZOOLOGY

Zoologischer Anzeiger

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2026.01.009

Xiaoyan Sun, Jinhui Cheng

The species-level taxonomy of Eulimnadia has been a subject of concern because of the plasticity observed in adult morphological characters, which often results in low taxonomic resolution. In the past three decades, conservative egg morphology has become the most reliable taxonomic characteristic, especially for the identification of sibling species. To resolve these taxonomic uncertainties and clarify phylogenetic relationships within Eulimnadia cylindrova sensu lato, we integrated morphological analyses (adult soft-body anatomy and egg shell morphology via scanning electron microscopy) and molecular data (four gene markers: nuclear 28S rRNA, mitochondrial 12S rRNA, cytb, and cox1). Species delimitation was performed using distance-based (ABGD) and tree-based (bPTP) methods, combined with maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) phylogenetic reconstructions. Our results confirmed the validity of Eulimnadia taoluoensis: it is morphologically distinct from Eulimnadia braueriana and Eulimnadia indocylindrova; notably, it forms an independent clade from E. braueriana in phylogenetic trees, with substantial cox1 (22.34 %) and cytb (14.18–14.90 %) genetic divergences (rejecting prior synonymy hypotheses). Molecular phylogenetic analyses and phylogenetic signal dissection strongly supported that E. cylindrova sensu lato was non-monophyletic and that at least four distinct clades within E. cylindrova sensu lato have been revealed. Notably, E. taoluoensis is nested within the Mexican population of E. cylindrova sensu lato with low cytb genetic divergence (0.55–1.05 %), representing preliminary molecular evidence suggesting potential conspecificity. Future studies incorporating comprehensive morphological comparisons and multi-locus genetic data will be critical to validate the taxonomic status of these closely related lineages. Our findings provided the first molecular data for E. taoluoensis and demonstrated its species validity and the systematic position of E. cylindrova sensu lato. This study demonstrated the utility of integrative taxonomy in resolving taxonomic controversies in groups with morphological plasticity and offered critical insights for species delimination of Eulimnadia.

由于成虫形态特征具有可塑性，导致其分类分辨率较低，因此在种水平上的分类学研究一直备受关注。在过去的三十年中，保守的卵形态已成为最可靠的分类特征，特别是在兄弟种的鉴定中。为了解决这些分类上的不确定性，并阐明在圆柱状统统内的系统发育关系，我们整合了形态学分析（通过扫描电子显微镜观察成虫软体解剖和蛋壳形态）和分子数据（四个基因标记：核28S rRNA、线粒体12S rRNA、cytb和cox1）。物种划分采用基于距离（ABGD）和基于树（bPTP）的方法，结合最大似然（ML）和贝叶斯推理（BI）系统发育重建。研究结果证实了桃色榆的有效性：它在形态上不同于布氏榆和indocylindrova；值得注意的是，在系统发育树上，它与布氏单胞菌形成了一个独立的分支，具有大量的cox1（22.34%）和cytb（14.18 - 14.90%）遗传差异（拒绝先前的同义词假设）。分子系统发育分析和系统发育信号分析有力地支持了圆筒形感猴是非单系进化的，并且在圆筒形感猴中至少发现了4个不同的分支。值得注意的是，taoloensis是在墨西哥的E.圆柱蝇（E.圆柱蝇）种群中筑巢的，cytb遗传差异较低（0.55 - 1.05%），这代表了初步的分子证据，表明可能具有同一性。未来的研究包括全面的形态比较和多位点遗传数据将是验证这些密切相关谱系的分类地位的关键。本研究首次提供了陶洛叶蝉的分子资料，证实了陶洛叶蝉属的物种有效性和系统地位。本研究证明了整合分类学在解决具有形态可塑性类群的分类学争议方面的实用性，并为真鲷属的种界划分提供了重要的见解。

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引用次数: 0

The return of Lernaeodiscidae? Morphology of Lernaeodiscus rybakovi points to a distinct clade 蠓科的回归？雷巴科维Lernaeodiscus rybakovi的形态学指向一个独特的分支

IF 1.5 3区生物学 Q2 ZOOLOGY

Zoologischer Anzeiger

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2026.01.005

Anastasia D. Lianguzova , Natalia A. Arbuzova , Nikita E. Lapshin , Ekaterina R. Petrova , Aleksei A. Miroliubov

Adult parasitic barnacles significantly differ from their free-living relatives. This leads to uncertainty in the phylogenetic interrelationships even at the family-level, particularly for the former Lernaeodiscidae. This family was abolished based on molecular data, however, the morphological description for lernaeodiscids remains incomplete. Here we describe a morphology of Lernaeodiscus rybakovi parasitizing the porcelain crab Pachycheles stevensii, using a variety of methods. The externa's lacunar and muscular systems are “Kentrogonida”-type in general, but exhibit notable deviations, including an atypical mantle opening formed partly by the visceral mass and a distinct dorso-ventral bridge. The interna displays a previously undescribed organization: a prominent main trunk giving rise to flattened primary branches and tubular secondary rootlets. Muscular fibers are absent in the interna; only sparse actin filaments are present, suggesting alternative mechanisms of nutrient transport. Two invasive rootlet types—goblet-shaped organs and neuropil rootlets—interact with host nervous tissue, and their ultrastructure differs from that of other rhizocephalan families. Additionally, we describe an aberrant trophic rootlet filled with concentric extracellular matrix layers, likely reflecting localised misregulation of cuticle production. Our findings, together with molecular evidence, suggest that Lernaeodiscus may represent an independent lineage, warranting exclusion from Peltogastridae and possibly reinstatement of Lernaeodiscidae. Broader sampling and multigene phylogeny are needed to clarify its rank and composition.

成年寄生藤壶与它们的自由生活的亲戚有很大的不同。这导致甚至在家庭水平上的系统发育相互关系的不确定性，特别是对于以前的Lernaeodiscidae。基于分子数据，这一科被废除，然而，对盘状lernaediscids的形态学描述仍然不完整。本文描述了一种寄生于瓷蟹（Pachycheles stevensii）上的rybakovi Lernaeodiscus的形态。外腔隙和肌肉系统一般为“Kentrogonida”型，但也有明显的偏差，包括部分由内脏肿块形成的非典型的地幔开口和明显的背腹桥。内部显示一个以前未描述的组织：一个突出的主干产生扁平的初级分支和管状次级细根。内部没有肌肉纤维；只有稀疏的肌动蛋白丝存在，表明营养物质运输的其他机制。杯状根和神经根两种侵入性根与宿主神经组织相互作用，其超微结构不同于其他根头科植物。此外，我们描述了一个异常的营养根充满同心细胞外基质层，可能反映了局部角质层产生的失调。我们的发现，连同分子证据，表明Lernaeodiscus可能代表一个独立的谱系，保证从Peltogastridae排除，并可能恢复Lernaeodiscidae。需要更广泛的采样和多基因系统发育来阐明其等级和组成。

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引用次数: 0

A revision of the Chinese species of Merodontina Enderlein, 1914 (Diptera, Asilidae, Ommatiini), with notes on the generic relationship to Pseudomerodontina Joseph and Parui, 1976 1914年中国Merodontina Enderlein种的订正（双翅目，飞蛾科），并附注与pseudoomerodontina Joseph and Parui， 1976的属关系

IF 1.5 3区生物学 Q2 ZOOLOGY

Zoologischer Anzeiger

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2025.12.008

Hongna Guo , Wenliang Li , Xuankun Li

Five species of Merodontina have been recorded from China to date: M. jianfenglingensis Hua, M. nigripes Shi, M. obliquata Shi, M. rectidensa Shi, and M. rufirostra Shi. Since first described between 1987 and 1991, these species have not been redescribed or reported. Although 16 species were described in Merodontina, no molecular data have been available for this genus. We examined type specimens of all five previously described species from China, provided high-resolution images and redescriptions. We synonymized M. rufirostra Shi under M. rectidensa Shi, M. bellicosa Scarbrough and Costantino and M. silvatica Haupt and Azuma under M. obliquata Shi, and M. vietnamensis Tomasovic and Bartolozzi under M. jianfenglingensis Hua. The previously proposed name M. abligueodentia Shi, 1992 is formalized as a nomen nudum under M. obliquata Shi. We obtained DNA barcodes from multiple populations of M. jianfenglingensis and the widely distributed M. obliquata. Genetic analyses revealed distinct barcoding gaps, with interspecific distance of 15.7 %–16.8 % versus intraspecific distance of 0 %–2.6 %. An updated key to males of the Chinese species of Merodontina and a revised world catalogue are provided.

迄今为止，中国已记录到5种Merodontina: M. jianfenglingensis Hua、M. nigripes Shi、M. obliquata Shi、M. recdensa Shi和M. rufirostra Shi。自1987年至1991年首次被描述以来，这些物种没有被重新描述或报道过。虽然在Merodontina中发现了16种，但尚未得到该属的分子资料。我们检查了所有来自中国的五个先前描述的物种的模式标本，提供了高分辨率图像和重新描述。我们将M. rufirostra Shi同义化，将M. bellicosa Scarbrough和Costantino同义化，将M. silvatica Haupt和Azuma同义化，将M. vietnamensis Tomasovic和Bartolozzi同义化，将M. jianfenglingensis Hua同义化。先前提出的名称M. abligueodentia Shi， 1992年正式确定为M. obliquata Shi下的女性nuum。我们获得了剑锋岭鼠多个居群和分布广泛的斜斑鼠的DNA条形码。遗传分析显示了明显的条形码差距，种间距离为15.7% - 16.8%，种内距离为0% - 2.6%。本文提供了一份最新的美罗东蒂纳中国种雄性分类表和一份修订的世界目录。

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引用次数: 0

Fine structure of the mantle epithelium and shell growth in rhynchonellide brachiopod Hemithiris psittacea 腕足类半爪足动物套膜上皮的精细结构和壳的生长

IF 1.5 3区生物学 Q2 ZOOLOGY

Zoologischer Anzeiger

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2026.02.008

Anna V. Ratnovskaya, Tatyana V. Kuzmina

Brachiopods are marine benthic invertebrates that secrete a calcitic bivalve shell via mantle epithelia. This study examines the shell and mantle structure of the rhynchonellide Hemithiris psittacea. The shell consists of an organic uppermost sheet, comprising mucopolysaccharide and periostracal layers, and a mineralized part composed of primary and secondary layers. The secondary layer is formed by fibers, enclosed in organic sheaths. We identified distinct mantle epithelial cell types: inner, columnar, oval, lobate, and vesicular cells, as well as two types of outer epithelial cells. Each cell type exhibits ultrastructural features that correspond to putative specialized functions: columnar and lobate cells secrete the mucopolysaccharide layer; the vesicular cells synthesize the periostracum; the first type of outer epithelial cells contributes to primary layer secretion; and the second type produces the fibers of the secondary layer. Oval cells in the mantle groove display undifferentiated morphology, supporting the existence of a putative generative zone in rhynchonellide brachiopods. Our analysis identifies three distinct morphological and functional zones of the shell. The primary zone is the marginal shell region, consisting only of the primary layer. The transitional zone exhibits progressive changes in both fiber morphology and epithelial cell dimensions without constant relative position of cells and fibers, while the stable pattern zone maintains regular cells and fibers arrangement. Based on these findings, we propose regional modifications to the classical conveyor belt model for mantle growth and shell thickening in rhynchonelliform brachiopods. In the transitional zone, several cells may cooperatively secrete fibers and translocate the fiber during synthesis, while in the stable pattern zone each cell produces two adjacent fibers throughout its lifespan. In the posterior zone shell secretion terminates.

腕足类动物是海洋底栖无脊椎动物，通过套膜上皮分泌钙质双壳。本文研究了扁齿龙的壳幔结构。外壳由有机的最上层组成，包括粘多糖层和周膜层，以及由初级和次级层组成的矿化部分。第二层由纤维组成，包裹在有机护套中。我们鉴定了不同的套上皮细胞类型：内、柱状、卵圆形、叶状和水疱细胞，以及两种类型的外上皮细胞。每种细胞类型都表现出与假定的特殊功能相对应的超微结构特征：柱状细胞和叶状细胞分泌粘多糖层；水疱细胞合成膜；第一类外上皮细胞参与初级层分泌；第二类产生第二层的纤维。地幔槽内的卵圆形细胞显示未分化的形态，支持了腕足动物生殖带的存在。我们的分析确定了壳的三个不同的形态和功能区。原生带是仅由原生层组成的边缘壳区。过渡区表现为纤维形态和上皮细胞尺寸的渐进式变化，细胞和纤维的相对位置不恒定，而稳定模式区则保持细胞和纤维的规则排列。基于这些发现，我们提出了对经典传送带模型的区域修正，该模型适用于铃状腕足动物的地幔生长和壳增厚。在过渡区，几个细胞可能在合成过程中协同分泌纤维并转运纤维，而在稳定模式区，每个细胞在其整个生命周期中产生两个相邻的纤维。在后区，贝壳分泌终止。

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引用次数: 0

Historical biogeography of the diverse Neotropical seasonal killifishes of the Austrolebias Genus Group: potential environmental drivers of diversification 新热带季节鳉属群多样性的历史生物地理学：多样性的潜在环境驱动因素

IF 1.5 3区生物学 Q2 ZOOLOGY

Zoologischer Anzeiger

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2026.02.006

Sabrina Portelli , Wilson Sebastián Serra Alanís , Luis Esteban Krause Lanés , Martin Miguel Montes , Guillermo Enrique Terán , Matheus Vieira Volcan , Felipe Alonso

The Austrolebias Genus Group (AGG), endemic to the southern portion of the Neotropics, comprises eleven genera of seasonal killifishes, characterized by small body size, restricted geographical ranges, and reliance on ephemeral aquatic habitats. In this study, we performed a comprehensive biogeographic analysis of the AGG, integrating a phylogeny based on 48 taxa that includes 90% of the species in this group with precise distribution data. The main objective was to identify the historical processes—particularly geological and climatic events—that shaped the diversification and current distribution of AGG species. To achieve this, we inferred a time-calibrated phylogeny, reconstructed ancestral area distributions, and analyzed patterns of dispersal and vicariance throughout the group's evolutionary history. Our results indicate that the AGG began its diversification approximately 13–10 million years ago during the Late Miocene, a period marked by significant geomorphological and climatic changes across the main basins of the La Plata system, including the Paraguay, Paraná, and Uruguay basins, as well as adjacent lowlands. Marine incursions together with tectonic activity and broader paleogeographic changes during this time reconfigured the drainage patterns of major basins, driving dispersal, isolation, and diversification within the group. These findings underscore the pivotal role of paleogeographic and environmental changes in shaping the evolutionary history and current distribution of Neotropical freshwater fishes.

austrollebias Genus Group （AGG）是新热带地区南部特有的，由11个季节性鳉属组成，其特点是体型小，地理范围有限，依赖于短暂的水生栖息地。在这项研究中，我们对AGG进行了全面的生物地理分析，整合了基于48个分类群的系统发育，其中包括该类群中90%的物种和精确的分布数据。研究的主要目的是确定历史过程——特别是地质和气候事件——这些过程塑造了AGG物种的多样化和当前分布。为了实现这一目标，我们推断了一个时间校准的系统发育，重建了祖先的区域分布，并分析了整个群体进化史上的分散和变异模式。我们的研究结果表明，AGG在大约1300万至1000万年前的晚中新世开始多样化，这一时期拉普拉塔系统的主要盆地（包括巴拉圭、帕拉南和乌拉圭盆地以及邻近的低地）发生了显著的地貌和气候变化。在此期间，海相入侵、构造活动和更广泛的古地理变化重新配置了主要盆地的排水模式，推动了群内的分散、隔离和多样化。这些发现强调了古地理和环境变化在塑造新热带淡水鱼类的进化史和当前分布中的关键作用。

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引用次数: 0

Prenatal and perinatal cranial ontogeny in Dasypus hybridus (Xenarthra, Cingulata): a precocial armadillo? 一种早熟犰狳的产前和围产期颅内发育？

IF 1.5 3区生物学 Q2 ZOOLOGY

Zoologischer Anzeiger

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2025.12.007

Guadalupe Rocío Sánchez-Sánchez , Fernando Carlos Galliari , Alfredo Armando Carlini

During cranial development, ossification centers appear sequentially, either through chondral or membranous processes. Birth represents a critical transition to life into a new environment, involving a progressive reduction in maternal dependence and exhibiting varying degrees of neonatal maturity, from altricial to precocial. Twenty-five prenatal and fourteen postnatal specimens of Dasypus hybridus (Xenarthra, Mammalia) were processed using an enzymatic clearing and double-staining technique, with Alcian Blue to identify cartilage and Alizarin Red to reveal ossifications. Using Total Cranial Length (TCL) as a proxy, eight prenatal cranial ontogenetic stages and three postnatal stages, spanning from two to thirty days of age, were identified. The first ossification centers to appear are those of the facial region, followed by the vault and the base of the skull, with the ethmoid complex being the last to ossify. The cranial, postcranial, and integumentary skeletal maturity data presented here suggest that D. hybridus is relatively precocial compared to other armadillos, such as Chaetophractus villosus and Chaetophractus vellerosus, which are positioned further along the altricial spectrum”

在颅骨发育过程中，骨化中心依次通过软骨或膜状突起出现。出生代表着生命进入新环境的关键过渡，涉及到对母亲的依赖逐渐减少，并表现出不同程度的新生儿成熟，从晚熟到早熟。采用酶清除和双染色技术处理了25个产前和14个产后杂交Dasypus （Xenarthra，哺乳动物）标本，用阿利新蓝识别软骨，用茜素红显示骨化。使用总颅长（TCL）作为代理，确定了8个产前颅骨个体发育阶段和3个出生后阶段，跨度从2到30天龄。最先出现的骨化中心是面部区域，其次是拱顶和颅底，筛骨复合体是最后出现骨化的。颅骨、颅后和表皮骨骼成熟度数据表明，与其他犰狳（如绒毛毛犰狳和绒毛毛犰狳）相比，杂交种犰狳相对早熟，而绒毛毛犰狳和绒毛毛犰狳的位置更靠后。”

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引用次数: 0

Micro-CT cranial anatomy and phylogenetic context of palatal characters in arvicoline rodents (Cricetidae) 微ct颅骨解剖及鼠科腭部特征的系统发育背景

IF 1.5 3区生物学 Q2 ZOOLOGY

Zoologischer Anzeiger

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2026.02.002

Leonid L. Voyta , Daniel A. Melnikov , Lyudmila Yu. Kryuchkova

This study combines high-resolution micro-CT reconstructions with a phylogenetically explicit analysis of the palato-spheno-pterygoid (PSP) complex in 33 species from 19 arvicoline genera (ca. 60% of the recent generic diversity). We re-describe and re-homologise palatal and sphenoidal structures and formalise four topological morphotypes (AA, DC, DM, DL) that summarise the relationship between the posterior palatine margin and the perpendicular lamina of the palate. Discrete PSP characters alone prove insufficient for capturing intra- and inter-tribal variation. Mapping morphotypes onto a ddRADseq phylogeny and quantifying multivariate signal reveal a weak global signature (K-mult = 0.22) with heterogeneous, clade-specific distribution. To expose that heterogeneity we adapt P. David Polly's matrix formulation of Brownian-motion-weighted sums of squares (SS) and mean squares (MS), deriving a clade-centred index, K-local-n. This new measure pinpoints hotspots of elevated shape–phylogeny congruence (K-local-n ≤ 0.42), detects at least three independent origins of the ‘derived-microtin’ (DM) morphotype from disparate Pliocene ancestors, and clarifies the influence of long branches on phylogenetic signal intensity. Our framework quantitatively explains the clustering of disparate (odd) phenotypes within well-supported clades and provides a basis for integrative interpretations of cranial evolution in rapidly radiating mammals.

本研究结合了高分辨率显微ct重建和对19个arvicoline属（约占近期属多样性的60%）的33个物种的palato-spheno-pterygoid （PSP）复合物的系统发育明确分析。我们重新描述和重新统一腭和蝶骨结构，并形式化四种拓扑形态（AA， DC， DM， DL），总结了腭后缘和腭垂直板之间的关系。单独的PSP特征不足以捕捉部落内部和部落间的变异。将形态型映射到ddRADseq系统发育并量化多元信号显示出弱的全局特征（K-mult = 0.22），具有异质性，支系特异性分布。为了揭示这种异质性，我们采用P. David Polly的布朗运动加权平方和（SS）和均方（MS）的矩阵公式，推导出以枝为中心的指数K-local-n。这一新的测量方法确定了形状-系统发育一致性升高的热点（K-local-n≤0.42），从不同的上新世祖先中检测到至少三个独立的“衍生微锡”（DM）形态型起源，并阐明了长分支对系统发育信号强度的影响。我们的框架定量地解释了不同（奇怪）表型在良好支持的进化枝中的聚类，并为快速辐射哺乳动物的颅骨进化的综合解释提供了基础。

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The Pseudonapomyza Hendel (Diptera: Agromyzidae: Phytomyzinae) of Ukraine with the description of two new species and updated world checklist 文章标题乌克兰假稻蝇（双翅目：稻蝇科：植蝇科）二新种记述及世界名录更新

IF 1.5 3区生物学 Q2 ZOOLOGY

Zoologischer Anzeiger

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2026.01.006

Yuliia Guglya

Eight species of Pseudonapomyza Hendel were previously listed for Ukraine including Pseudonapomyza istrensis Zlobin and P. odessae Černý which was described from S. Ukraine. During this investigation three species were added to the list and two new species, P. conica sp. nov. and P. creta sp. nov., were described. COI sequences of ten species was analyzed and posted in GenBank and BOLD Systems databases. Key to all thirteen Ukrainian species (including females) is composed and illustrated with heads, wings, male and female genitalia. Additionally updated checklist of all worldwide species with hosts and distribution data is provided.

在乌克兰已发现8种Hendel假单胞菌，其中包括来自乌克兰南部的Pseudonapomyza istrensis Zlobin和p.o dessae Černý。本次调查新增3种，并发现了2个新种：P. conica sp. nov和P. creta sp. nov。对10个物种的COI序列进行分析，并在GenBank和BOLD Systems数据库中发布。所有13个乌克兰物种（包括雌性）的钥匙由头部，翅膀，雄性和雌性生殖器组成和说明。此外，还提供了世界上所有物种的更新清单，包括宿主和分布数据。

引用次数: 0