Primary hyperparathyroidism: Discovery of a cervical ectopic adenoma

Primary hyperparathyroidism typically results from a solitary parathyroid adenoma, located near the thyroid, in 85% of cases, necessitating curative surgical excision. Rare ectopic adenomas have been reported, emphasizing the importance of comprehensive functional imaging to minimize the risk of treatment failure or iatrogenic complications. We report a case involving a 60-year-old female referred for the etiological evaluation of primary hyperparathyroidism discovered during an assessment for bilateral urinary lithiasis. Despite a negative cervical ultrasound, isotopic studies confirmed the presence of an ectopic subdiaphragmatic cervical parathyroid adenoma, which was subsequently confirmed by histopathological analysis.