水蛇在人类环境中的寄生虫种类繁多

IF 2.5 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Urban Ecosystems Pub Date : 2024-03-02 DOI:10.1007/s11252-024-01528-y
Monique C. Oliveira, Cristiana Ferreira-Silva, Reinaldo J. Silva, Frederico G. R. França, Ricardo Lorenço-de-Moraes
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引用次数: 0

摘要

由于寄主的能量耗尽,寄生虫是最先受到环境变化影响的物种之一。人类活动造成的栖息地变化会对生态系统产生负面影响,降低宿主物种对寄生虫攻击的抵抗力。关于城市干扰在改变水生蛇类多样性和寄生虫相互作用方面所起作用的信息很少。本研究调查了水蛇寄生虫群落的多样性和结构。研究人员在巴西帕拉伊巴州北海岸三个城市的三个栖息地(城市、城市周边和森林)收集了水蛇。在分析的 158 条水蛇中,有 40 条(25.3%)受到感染。总共收集到 137 种蠕虫,总平均感染强度为 3.58 ± 2.0。考虑到两种栖息地环境(城市、近郊和森林),6 个线虫类群(Oswaldocruzia mazzai、Brevimulticaecum sp.、Eustrongylides sp.、Physaloptera sp、幼虫,以及一种未确定的线虫幼虫),四种吸虫(Infidum aff.除了S. oxycephala外,所有这些都是H. angulatus的首次记录。在城市化的栖息地中,安哥拉虹鳟内寄生虫的物种多样性更高。在相互作用网络方面,模块化程度低,没有筑巢现象。这一结果可能与人类化有关,表明寄生虫与宿主的关系因城市化而发生了变化。在森林地区,寄生虫的个体数量存在显著差异,这是由于一种寄生虫(Physaloptera sp.,21 个个体)感染了一只雌性寄生虫。Physaloptera是三个地区出现最多的内寄生虫。感染寄生虫的蛇在体型和性别上没有明显差异。这项研究提供了寄生虫、宿主和栖息地之间关系的重要信息。研究还表明,寄生虫多样性和新记录的增加与栖息地退化有关。
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Water snakes have a high diversity of parasites in anthropized environments

Because of their host's energetic exhaustion, parasites are among the first species to be influenced by environmental changes. The change in habitats caused by human activities can negatively influence ecosystems, reducing the resistance of host species to parasite attacks. There is little information on the role of urban disturbance in altering diversity and parasitic interactions in aquatic snakes. In this study, the diversity and structure of the parasite community in the water snake Helicops angulatus were investigated. The snakes were collected in three habitat areas (urban, periurban, and forest) in three municipalities on the north coast of the state of Paraíba, Brazil. Forty of the 158 watersnakes analyzed (25.3%) were infected. In total, 137 helminths were collected, representing an overall mean infection intensity of 3.58 ± 2.0. Considering both habitats environments (urban, peri-urban and forest), six Nematoda taxa (Oswaldocruzia mazzai, Brevimulticaecum sp., Eustrongylides sp., Physaloptera sp., Filariidae larva, and an unidentified Nematoda larva), four trematodes (Infidum aff. similis, Travtrema aff. stenocotyle, Heterodiplostomum helicopsis, and encysted metacercariae), two Acanthocephala (Centrorhynchidae gen. sp. and Oligacanthorhynchidae gen. sp.), and one Pentastomida (Sebekia oxycephala) were found, all of which represent the first record for H. angulatus with the exception of S. oxycephala.. The species diversity of endoparasites in H. angulatus was greater in urbanized habitats. Regarding interaction networks, there was low modularity and no nesting. This result may be linked to anthropization, indicating changes in the parasite-host relationship due to urbanization. In the forest areas there was a significant difference in the number of individuals, which was due to a single species of parasite (Physaloptera sp., 21 individuals) where it infected a single female. Physaloptera was the most abundant endoparasite present in the three areas. There were no significant differences in the size and sex of the snakes with parasite infection. This study provides important information about the relationships between parasites, hosts, and the habitat. It also shows that the increase in parasite diversity and new records are linked to habitat degradation.

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来源期刊
Urban Ecosystems
Urban Ecosystems BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION-ECOLOGY
CiteScore
5.70
自引率
6.90%
发文量
113
期刊介绍: Urban Ecosystems is an international journal devoted to scientific investigations of urban environments and the relationships between socioeconomic and ecological structures and processes in urban environments. The scope of the journal is broad, including interactions between urban ecosystems and associated suburban and rural environments. Contributions may span a range of specific subject areas as they may apply to urban environments: biodiversity, biogeochemistry, conservation biology, wildlife and fisheries management, ecosystem ecology, ecosystem services, environmental chemistry, hydrology, landscape architecture, meteorology and climate, policy, population biology, social and human ecology, soil science, and urban planning.
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