Stress Evaluation Through the Layers of a Fibre-Metal Hybrid Composite by IHD: An Experimental Study

Abstract

Background

Incremental hole-drilling (IHD) has shown its importance in the measurement of the residual stress distribution within the layers of composite laminates. However, validation of these results is still an open issue, especially near the interfaces between plies.

Objectives

In this context, this study is focused on experimentally verifying its applicability to fibre metal laminates.

Methods

Tensile loads are applied to cross-ply GFRP-steel [0/90/steel]s samples. Due to the difference in the mechanical properties of each ply, Classical Lamination Theory (CLT) predicts a distribution of the uniform stress within each layer, with pulse gradients between them. The interfaces act as discontinuous regions between the plies. The experimental determination of such stress variation is challenging and is the focus of this research. A horizontal tensile test device was designed and built for this purpose. A differential method is used to eliminate the effect of the existing residual stresses in the samples, providing a procedure to evaluate the ability of the IHD technique to determine the distribution of stress due to the applied tensile loads only. The experimentally measured strain-depth relaxation curves are compared with those determined numerically using the finite element method (FEM) to simulate the hole-drilling. Both are used as input for the IHD stress calculation method (unit pulse integral method). The distribution of stress through the composite laminate, determined by classical lamination theory (CLT), is used as a reference.

Results

Unit pulse integral method results, using the experimental and numerical strain-depth relaxation curves, compare reasonably well with those predicted by CLT, provided that there is no material damage due to high applied loads.

Conclusions

IHD seems to be an important measurement technique to determine the distribution of residual stresses in fibre metal laminates and should be further developed for a better assessment of the residual stresses at the interfaces between plies.