Risk factors for cognitive impairment in patients with chronic kidney disease.

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients have been found to be at risk of concurrent cognitive dysfunction in previous studies, which has now become an important public health issue of widespread concern.

Aim: To investigate the risk factors for concurrent cognitive dysfunction in patients with CKD.

Methods: This is a prospective cohort study conducted among patients with CKD between October 2021 and March 2023. A questionnaire was formulated by literature review and expert consultation and included questions about age, sex, education level, per capita monthly household income, marital status, living condition, payment method, and hypertension.

Results: Logistic regression analysis showed that patients aged 60-79 years [odds ratio (OR) = 1.561, P = 0.015] and ≥ 80 years (OR = 1.760, P = 0.013), participants with middle to high school education (OR = 0.820, P = 0.027), divorced or widowed individuals (OR = 1.37, P = 0.032), self-funded patients (OR = 2.368, P = 0.008), and patients with hypertension (OR = 2.011, P = 0.041) had a higher risk of cognitive impairment. The risk of cognitive impairment was lower for those with a college degree (OR = 0.435, P = 0.034) and married individuals.

Conclusion: The risk factors affecting cognitive dysfunction are age, 60-79 years and ≥ 80 years; education, primary school education or less; marital status, divorced or widowed; payment method, self-funded; hypertension; and CKD.