World Journal of Psychiatry最新文献

Healthy behavior has long been linked to mental health outcomes. However, the role of artificial intelligence (AI) literacy in shaping healthy behaviors and its potential impact on mental health remains underexplored. This paper presents a scoping review offering a novel perspective on the intersection of healthy behaviors, mental health, and AI literacy. By examining how individuals' understanding of AI influences their choices regarding nutrition and their susceptibility to mental health issues, the current study explores emerging trends in health behavior decision-making. This emphasizes the need for integrating AI literacy into mental health and health behaviors education, as well as the development of AI-driven tools to support healthier behavior choices. It highlights that individuals with low AI literacy may misinterpret or overly depend on AI guidance, resulting in maladaptive health choices, while those with high AI literacy may be more likely to engage reflectively and sustain positive behaviors. The paper outlines the importance of inclusive education, user-centered design, and community-based support systems to enhance AI literacy for digitally marginalized groups. AI literacy may be positioned as a key determinant of health equity, better allowing for interdisciplinary strategies that empower individuals to make informed, autonomous decisions that promote both physical and mental health.

Chronic pain and disability following acute orthopedic trauma are not only physical concerns but also deeply intertwined with psychological well-being. The recent retrospective cohort study by Yang et al, published, provides compelling evidence of significant associations between depression, anxiety, and postoperative recovery. These findings align with an expanding body of literature that confirms the need for orthopedic rehabilitation to adopt a biopsychosocial perspective. This letter contextualizes Yang et al's study within current evidence, highlighting the roles of sleep disturbance, catastrophizing, stress, neurobiological mechanisms, and coping strategies in shaping recovery. It further emphasizes the importance of integrating nursing-led and multidisciplinary interventions to address both physical and psychological domains, ultimately promoting holistic recovery.

Background: Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is common among adolescents with depressive disorders and poses a major public health challenge. Rumination, a key cognitive feature of depression, includes different subtypes that may relate to NSSI through distinct psychological mechanisms. However, how these subtypes interact with specific NSSI behaviors remains unclear.

Aim: To examine associations between rumination subtypes and specific NSSI behaviors in adolescents.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study with 305 hospitalized adolescents diagnosed with depressive disorders. The subjects ranged from 12-18 years in age. Rumination subtypes were assessed using the Ruminative Response Scale, and 12 NSSI behaviors were evaluated using a validated questionnaire. Network analysis was applied to explore symptom-level associations and identify central symptoms.

Results: The network analysis revealed close connections between rumination subtypes and NSSI behaviors. Brooding was linked to behaviors such as hitting objects and burning. Scratching emerged as the most influential NSSI symptom. Symptom-focused rumination served as a key bridge connecting rumination and NSSI.

Conclusion: Symptom-focused rumination and scratching were identified as potential intervention targets. These findings highlight the psychological significance of specific cognitive-behavioral links in adolescent depression and suggest directions for tailored prevention and treatment. However, the cross-sectional, single-site design limits causal inference and generalizability. Future longitudinal and multi-center studies are needed to confirm causal pathways and verify the generalizability of the findings to broader adolescent populations.

Background: Postoperative delirium (POD) is a common and serious complication in surgical patients, particularly older adults. Alterations in cholinergic function have been implicated in its pathophysiology.

Aim: To evaluate the association between preoperative serum cholinesterase (ChE) activity-specifically butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE)-and the risk of POD in adult surgical patients in a meta-analysis.

Methods: A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science up to March 28, 2025 for studies reporting preoperative serum BuChE or AChE activity in relation to subsequent POD incidence. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) and odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled using random-effects models. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed based on follow-up duration and analytic models.

Results: Thirteen studies (n = 2730 patients) were included. Patients who developed POD had significantly lower preoperative BuChE activity than those who did not (SMD = -0.28; 95%CI: -0.39 to -0.16; I² = 18%). Higher BuChE activity was associated with a reduced risk of POD (OR per 100 unit increment = 0.97; 95%CI: 0.95-0.99; I ² = 0%). In contrast, pooled AChE activity did not differ significantly between POD and non-POD groups (SMD = -0.25; 95%CI: -0.53 to 0.03; P = 0.08; I ² = 80%), and the ORs per 1 unit increment in AChE activity were not statistically significant (OR = 0.98; 95%CI: 0.95-1.01).

Conclusion: Lower preoperative serum BuChE activity is associated with an increased risk of POD in adults undergoing surgery. BuChE activity may serve as a potential preoperative biomarker for POD risk stratification.

Background: Drug utilization research has an important role in assisting the healthcare administration to know, compute, and refine the prescription whose principal objective is to enable the rational use of drugs. Research in developing nations relating to the cost of treatment is scarce when compared with developed countries. Thus, the drug utilization research studies from developing nations are most needed, and their number has been growing.

Aim: To evaluate patterns of utilization of antipsychotic drugs and direct medical cost analysis in patients newly diagnosed with schizophrenia.

Methods: The present study was observational in type and based on a retrospective cohort to evaluate patterns of utilization of antipsychotic drugs using World Health Organization (WHO) core prescribing indicators and anatomical therapeutic chemical/defined daily dose indicators. We also calculated direct medical costs for a period of 6 months.

Results: This study has found that atypical antipsychotics are the mainstay of treatment for schizophrenia in every age group and subcategories of schizophrenia. The evaluation based on WHO prescribing indicators showed a low average number of drugs per prescription and low prescribing frequency of antipsychotics from the National List of Essential Medicines 2015 and the WHO Essential Medicines List 2019. The total mean drug cost of our study was 1396 Indian rupees. The total mean cost due to the investigation in our study was 1017.34 Indian rupees. Therefore, the total mean direct medical cost incurred on patients in our study was 4337.28 Indian rupees.

Conclusion: The information from the present study can be used for reviewing and updating treatment policy at the institutional level.

Background: The prevalence of negative emotional states, such as anxiety and depression, has increased annually. Although personal habits are known to influence emotional regulation, the precise mechanisms underlying this relationship remain unclear.

Aim: To investigate emotion regulation habits impact on students negative emotions during lockdown, using the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic as a case example.

Methods: During the coronavirus disease 2019 lockdown, an online cross-sectional survey was conducted at a Chinese university. Emotional states were assessed using the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21), while demographic data and emotion regulation habits were collected concurrently. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 27.0 and included χ ²-tests for intergroup comparisons, Spearman's rank-order correlation coefficient analysis to examine associations, and stepwise linear regression modeling to explore the relationships between emotion regulation habits and emotional states. Statistical significance was set at α = 0.05.

Results: Among the 494 valid questionnaires analyzed, the prevalence rates of negative emotional states were as follows: Depression (65.0%), anxiety (69.4%), and stress (50.8%). DASS-21 scores (mean ± SD) demonstrated significant symptomatology: Total (48.77 ± 34.88), depression (16.21 ± 12.18), anxiety (14.90 ± 11.91), and stress (17.64 ± 12.07). Significant positive intercorrelations were observed among all DASS-21 subscales (P < 0.01). Regression analysis identified key predictors of negative emotions (P < 0.05): Risk factors included late-night frequency and academic pressure, while protective factors were the frequency of parental contact and the number of same-gender friends. Additionally, compensatory spending and binge eating positively predicted all negative emotion scores (β > 0, P < 0.01), whereas appropriate recreational activities negatively predicted these scores (β < 0, P < 0.01).

Conclusion: High negative emotion prevalence occurred among confined students. Recreational activities were protective, while compensatory spending and binge eating were risk factors, necessitating guided emotion regulation.

The intersection of visual impairment and mental health has profound effects on quality of life and warrants attention from healthcare providers, educators, and policymakers. With 20 million children under the age of 14 affected globally, older adults also experience significant psychological impact including depression, anxiety, and cognitive impairment. The implications of vision-related challenges extend far beyond mere sight. Depression and anxiety, exacerbated by social isolation and reduced physical activity, underscore the need for comprehensive interventions that address both medical and psychosocial dimensions. By recognizing the profound impact of ocular morbidities like strabismus, myopia, glaucoma, and age-related macular degeneration on mental health and investing in effective treatments and inclusive practices, society can pave the way for a healthier, more equitable future for affected individuals. There is evidence that myopic children experience a higher prevalence of depressive symptoms compared to their normal peers, and interventions like the correction of strabismus can enhance psychological outcome - demonstrating the value of an integrated management approach.

Background: Paternal perinatal depression (PPD) is closely associated with maternal mental health challenges, marital strain, and adverse child developmental outcomes. Despite its significant impact, PPD remains under-recognized in family-centered clinical practice. Concurrently, against the backdrop of rising rates of delayed marriage and China's Maternity Incentive Policy, the proportion of women giving birth at an advanced maternal age is increasing. Nevertheless, research specifically examining PPD among spouses of older mothers remains critically scarce, both in China and globally.

Aim: To investigate PPD and its influencing factors in Chinese advanced maternal age families.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 358 participants; it was conducted among fathers of pregnant women of advanced maternal age at five hospitals in the Pearl River Delta region of China from September 2023 to June 2024. Data were collected via a general information questionnaire, the Social Support Rating Scale, and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Latent profile analysis and regression mixture models (RMMs) were adopted to analyze the latent PPD types and factors that influenced PPD.

Results: The incidence of PPD was 16.48%, and three profiles were identified: Low-symptomatic (175 cases, 48.89%), monophasic (140 cases, 39.10%), and high-symptomatic (43 cases, 12.01%). The RMM analysis revealed that first pregnancy, low income (< ¥3000/month), part-time work, and a history of abnormal pregnancy were positively associated with the high-symptomatic type (P < 0.05). Conversely, high subjective support and support utilization were negatively associated with the high-symptomatic type compared with the low-symptomatic type (P < 0.05). Good couple relationships, high objective and subjective support, and high support utilization were negatively associated with monophasic disorder (P < 0.05).

Conclusion: PPD incidence is high among Chinese fathers with advanced maternal age partners, and the characteristics of depression are varied. Healthcare practitioners should prioritize individuals with low levels of social support.

Background: Lumbar interbody fusion (LIF) is the primary treatment for lumbar degenerative diseases. Elderly patients are prone to anxiety and depression after undergoing surgery, which affects their postoperative recovery speed and quality of life. Effective prevention of anxiety and depression in elderly patients has become an urgent problem.

Aim: To investigate the trajectory of anxiety and depression levels in elderly patients after LIF, and the influencing factors.

Methods: Random sampling was used to select 239 elderly patients who underwent LIF from January 2020 to December 2024 in Shenzhen Pingle Orthopedic Hospital. General information and surgery-related indices were recorded, and participants completed measures of psychological status, lumbar spine dysfunction, and quality of life. A latent class growth model was used to analyze the post-LIF trajectory of anxiety and depression levels, and unordered multi-categorical logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors.

Results: Three trajectories of change in anxiety level were identified: Increasing anxiety (n = 26, 10.88%), decreasing anxiety (n = 27, 11.30%), and stable anxiety (n = 186, 77.82%). Likewise, three trajectories of change in depression level were identified: Increasing depression (n = 30, 12.55%), decreasing depression (n = 26, 10.88%), and stable depression (n = 183, 76.57%). Regression analysis showed that having no partner, female sex, elevated Oswestry dysfunction index (ODI) scores, and reduced 36-Item Short Form Health Survey scores all contributed to increased anxiety levels, whereas female sex, postoperative opioid use, and elevated ODI scores all contributed to increased depression levels.

Conclusion: During clinical observation, combining factors to predict anxiety and depression in post-LIF elderly patients enables timely intervention, quickens recovery, and enhances quality of life.