平等的无政府主义考古学》:反对等级制度的过去与未来

IF 1.6 2区 历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY CAMBRIDGE ARCHAEOLOGICAL JOURNAL Pub Date : 2024-03-11 DOI:10.1017/s0959774323000483
Aris Politopoulos, Catherine J. Frieman, James L. Flexner, Lewis Borck
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引用次数: 0

摘要

过去的学者通常以考古学或人类学证据作为论证基础,将不平等的 "起源 "或演变归结为有意的、不可避免的、迈向国家发展的重要一步,并隐晦地将其视为人类政治和经济成就的顶峰。无政府主义考古学拒绝将等级制度视为文明发展道路上积极或不可避免的进化结果。相反,我们主张对平等考古学进行彻底的重新定位。我们提出一种预示性考古学,颂扬人类积极破坏和抵制等级制社会安排的无数方式。我们的目标是将考古学的重点转向那些有目的地防止或限制不平等现象出现的社会。为了展示平等考古学的潜力,我们介绍了来自大洋洲、英国、西亚和美国西南部的案例。强调过去平等社会的成就,表明了当前不平等形式的偶然性和问题性。它使我们能够探索不同的过去,从而在想象不同的未来时创造不同的现在。
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An Anarchist Archaeology of Equality: Pasts and Futures Against Hierarchy

Scholars of the past frame the ‘origins’ or evolution of inequality, usually using archaeological or anthropological evidence as a basis for their arguments, as an intentional, inevitable, important step towards the development of states, implicitly framed as the pinnacle of human political and economic achievement. Anarchist archaeologies reject the idea of hierarchy as a positive or inevitable evolutionary outcome underlying the path to civilization. We argue instead for a radical reorientation towards archaeologies of equality. We propose a prefigurative archaeology that celebrates the myriad ways that human beings have actively undermined and resisted hierarchical social arrangements. We aim to reorient archaeology's focus towards societies that purposefully prevented or constrained the emergence of inequality. To demonstrate the potential of archaeologies of equality we present case examples from Oceania, Britain, West Asia and the American Southwest. Highlighting the accomplishments of societies of equals in the past demonstrates the contingency and problematic nature of present forms of inequality. It allows us to explore a different set of pasts and thus enact different presents as we imagine different futures.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
3.30
自引率
8.30%
发文量
38
期刊介绍: The Cambridge Archaeological Journal is the leading journal for cognitive and symbolic archaeology. It provides a forum for innovative, descriptive and theoretical archaeological research, paying particular attention to the role and development of human intellectual abilities and symbolic beliefs and practices. Specific topics covered in recent issues include: the use of cultural neurophenomenology for the understanding of Maya religious belief, agency and the individual, new approaches to rock art and shamanism, the significance of prehistoric monuments, ritual behaviour on Pacific Islands, and body metamorphosis in prehistoric boulder artworks. In addition to major articles and shorter notes, the Cambridge Archaeological Journal includes review features on significant recent books.
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