COVID-19 大流行对就业和不平等的影响:对国际证据的系统性审查和对统计方法的批判性评估。

IF 3.5 4区 医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Perspectives in Public Health Pub Date : 2024-03-13 DOI:10.1177/17579139241231910
A Abugamza, D Kaskirbayeva, A Charlwood, S Nikolova, A Martin
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引用次数: 0

摘要

目的:评估 COVID-19 大流行对个人劳动力市场结果的影响,以及这些影响在不同时期和不同群体之间的差异:使用 Medline、Scopus 和 EconLit 进行检索。使用 Google Scholar 和 Econpapers 进行灰色文献检索。使用非随机暴露研究中的偏倚风险工具(ROBINS-E)对研究质量进行评估,同时使用有向无环图(DAG)确定相关的中介因素、调节因素和混杂因素:共纳入 85 项研究(77 篇同行评审文章,8 篇工作论文)。ROBINS-E显示,不同研究的总体偏倚风险各不相同,从低度(14项)、中度(56项)到严重(15项)不等。各研究在结果测量、研究设计和研究人员的学术学科方面也各不相同。一般来说,使用大流行之前和期间收集的数据进行的研究表明,大流行对就业、工作时间和收入产生了很大的负面影响。对调节因素(如行业、职业、年龄、性别、种族和出生国)进行评估的研究表明,大流行病很可能加剧了先前存在的健康和工作方面的差异。一般来说,妇女、教育程度较低、非白人和年轻工人受影响最大,这可能是由于他们的工作涉及大量的个人接触(如接待、销售和娱乐),而且不太适合远程工作。DAG 强调了在得出有关 COVID-19 对就业影响的可靠推论方面所面临的方法论挑战,包括缺乏未受影响的对照组:结论:COVID-19 健康危机给世界各地的就业机会带来了意料之外和前所未有的变化,并可能对健康造成长期影响。进一步的研究应调查 COVID-19 的长期影响,并对中低收入国家给予更多关注。我们的研究为未来研究的设计和批判性评估提供了指导。
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Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on employment and inequalities: a systematic review of international evidence and critical appraisal of statistical methods.

Aims: To assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on individual labour market outcomes and how these vary over time and between different groups of individuals.

Methods: Searches were conducted using Medline, Scopus and EconLit. Grey literature searches used Google Scholar and Econpapers. Study quality was assessed using the risk of bias in non-randomised studies of exposure tool (ROBINS-E), accompanied by a directed acyclic graph (DAG) to identify relevant mediators, moderators and confounders.

Results: A total of 85 studies (77 peer-reviewed articles, 8 working papers) were included. The ROBINS-E showed that the overall risk of bias varied between studies from low (n = 14), moderate (n = 56) to serious (n = 15). Studies also varied in terms of outcome measures, study designs and the academic disciplines of researchers. Generally, studies using data collected before and during the pandemic showed large negative effects on employment, working hours and income. Studies that assessed moderators (e.g. by industry, occupation, age, gender, race and country of birth) indicated the pandemic has likely worsened pre-existing disparities in health and work. Generally, women, less educated, non-whites and young workers were affected the most, perhaps due to their jobs involving high levels of personal contact (e.g. hospitality, sales and entertainment) and being less amenable to remote working. The DAG highlighted methodological challenges in drawing robust inferences about COVID-19's impact on employment, including the lack of an unexposed control group.

Conclusions: The COVID-19 health crisis caused unanticipated and unprecedented changes to employment opportunities around the world, with potential long-term health consequences. Further research should investigate the longer-term impact of COVID-19, with greater attention given to low- and middle-income countries. Our study provides guidance on the design and critical appraisal of future studies.

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来源期刊
Perspectives in Public Health
Perspectives in Public Health PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH-
CiteScore
4.50
自引率
1.70%
发文量
74
期刊介绍: Perspectives in Public Health is a bi-monthly peer-reviewed journal. It is practice orientated and features current topics and opinions; news and views on current health issues; case studies; book reviews; letters to the Editor; as well as updates on the Society"s work. The journal also commissions articles for themed issues and publishes original peer-reviewed articles. Perspectives in Public Health"s primary aim is to be an invaluable resource for the Society"s members, who are health-promoting professionals from many disciplines, including environmental health, health protection, health and safety, food safety and nutrition, building and engineering, primary care, academia and government.
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