Perspectives in Public Health最新文献

Background: The Systems Evaluation Network (SEN) aims to build capability and capacity regarding the use of systems science in public health evaluation. The SEN was established in June 2021 and 3 years from its inception, we undertook a member survey to understand the engagement with, and impact of, the SEN.

Methods: An 18-item cross-sectional survey captured quantitative and qualitative responses regarding SEN member perspectives, centring around their experience of the SEN, associated impacts, and future requirements. We analysed quantitative data descriptively and qualitative data through content analysis. Sub-group analyses explored differences between those working in academia vs practice/policy.

Results: Seventy-three participants completed the survey, with 60% working in academia and 40% in practice/policy. Considering experiences of the SEN, participants felt the SEN has shared information about innovative methods and evaluation approaches (94.0% agreed), has provided the opportunity to share and learn with other members (86.0% agreed), and has improved knowledge of systems evaluation methods (86.2% agreed). Regarding impacts of the SEN, participants stated that the SEN has increased their capability to apply systems-oriented methods and evaluation of systems approaches (76% agreed) and has facilitated relationships with others (56.9% agreed). Participants shared future capability requirements for evaluation, which focused on methods (e.g. systems dynamics modelling and ripple effects mapping), approaches (e.g. developmental evaluation and embedded researchers), and other ways in which capability could be increased (e.g. by using case studies).

Conclusion: This paper illustrates the experiences and impacts of the SEN, identifying its strengths such as the wide range of topics/content and the flexible and accessible delivery format, but contrast against the difficulties of fostering new relationships in an online setting. These findings can help inform the future direction of the SEN and provide insight to other online communities of practice.

This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the Pacific Island Countries and Territories' (PICTs) progress in tackling non-communicable diseases (NCDs), as well as the strategic priorities needed for sustained and transformative change. It outlines successes in tobacco and alcohol taxation, improved physical activity levels, and enhanced governance and accountability frameworks. It also candidly addresses persistent challenges, such as policy enforcement gaps, emerging threats like e-cigarettes, and the need for more robust surveillance systems.

This article addresses critical gaps in understanding the potential impacts of the withdrawal of the US from WHO and the reduction of pausal of USAID's funding for public health initiatives with a focus on childhood immunization programs in low-resource settings. By highlighting the disproportionate effects on vulnerable populations, particularly zero-dose children in countries like Nigeria, this manuscript contributes to the discourse on health equity and the sustainability of global health initiatives.

NHS England commit to tackling health inequalities in three ways; influencing multi-agency action to address social determinants of health, leveraging the NHS's role as a significant economic actor and tackling inequalities in healthcare provision. This article outlines the learning from the Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust's Health Inequalities Programme Board for other hospitals, in the UK and beyond, who look to develop their own approach to inequalities.

This topical paper covers important issue of health equity and obesity prevention and interventions in children from minority ethnicities. The authors highlight ongoing issues in this area to help health professionals and policy makers to improve population health.

Aims: The dietary intake and reported eating behaviours of adolescents in the UK are a public health concern. Schools are identified as an ideal 'place' setting to promote health and improve young peoples' nutrition outcomes. A gap in the understanding of how healthy secondary school food policy can be implemented, sustainable and effective, may hamper progress to improving school food provision and nutrition education in the UK. Research was conducted to understand the factors which influence healthy school food provision and the adolescent's food choice to inform and develop a practical framework for schools.

Methods: This research involves the development of a practical toolkit which synthesises evidence generated from a mixed methods study and a systematic review. This was informed by an exploration of the secondary school food environment as a potentially 'obesogenic' setting, the effectiveness of school food interventions and policy in Europe and UK, included young people's (11-18 years of age) eating behaviours and priorities in food choice. A pragmatic approach was taken in the integration of evidence, using ecological and behaviour change theory, and joint display principles.

Result: A six-phase practical toolkit is presented, guided by 'What Good Looks Like' and 'Whole Systems Approach to Obesity' principles which can be used to translate the evidence from this research into good school food practice.

Conclusion: Improving secondary school food provision across the school day and having a coherent whole school food approach to healthy eating have the potential to significantly improve a young person's food choice, therefore impacting the nutrient intake of adolescents in the UK. This toolkit helps working towards operationalising this idea.

Continuing on from their previously published article "Developing better understanding of hygiene is key to developing hygiene behaviour change in home and everyday life settings," Bloomfield and Ackerley delve into the highly important public health issue of antimicrobial resistance.

This article builds on the conversation initiated in The Unusual Suspects by the Royal Society for Public Health regarding the wider public health workforce. It focuses on the ethical implications of evolving "bridge" roles, such as Social Prescribing Link Workers (SPLWs), who operate at the intersection of clinical care and community-based support. The commentary explores how these roles are expanding globally, with the UK offering a key case study due to its scale of implementation and integration into formal health systems.

Aims: The aim of this research was to map available healthy planning frameworks to discover the range, composition, design, and implementation of healthy planning frameworks.

Methods: A systematic scoping review with date, location, and usability limitations was augmented by a grey literature search. Data were extracted on key details, design, outcomes considered, and implementation features of the final 61 frameworks.

Results: Data extracted indicated that most frameworks tend to focus on one element of the built environment, with active mobility, active environments, and transport being the most prevalent ones (34%). Most frameworks (40) stated their intended outcomes on health in general terms, rather than targeting specific health outcomes. Very few frameworks (12%) were aimed at the public, and only 11% of frameworks included an evaluation.

Conclusions: While there are a wide variety and number of frameworks available in the field of healthy urban planning, they are generally siloed, focusing on highly specific individual urban determinants, and rarely consider health outcomes in detail. There is significantly less provision available for citizen and community use. Frameworks tend to offer limited updating mechanisms and very rarely include ongoing evaluation processes, making their success difficult to assess.