从岩石学和地球化学特征推断出的波波夫多尔盆地(保加利亚西南部)晚更新世亚烟煤沉积期间的古植被和环境

IF 5.6 2区 工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS International Journal of Coal Geology Pub Date : 2024-03-11 DOI:10.1016/j.coal.2024.104489
Alexander Zdravkov , Achim Bechtel , Doris Groβ , Ivan Kojić , Ksenija Stojanović , Dragana Životić
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引用次数: 0

摘要

煤炭和碳质页岩样本取自保加利亚西南部的晚渐新世 Bobov Dol 盆地。岩相成分表明,煤炭和碳质页岩主要含有陆生有机质,并含有丰富的腐植质矿物和局部富集的锂质矿物。惰性物质很少或没有。岩层 I、IV 和 V 中组织保存完好,表明沉积在潮湿的沉积环境中,而岩层 Ia、IIa+b 和 III 中腐植质占主导地位,组织保存指数(TPI)较低,这与水文系统的变化导致植物遗骸腐殖化增强有关。然而,惰性石灰的低百分比和整体较高的凝胶化指数(GI)则证明泥炭是在较潮湿的气候环境下形成的,而煤炭样本的低至中等灰分含量则表明有机质沉积在寡营养至中营养的地生沼泽中。泥炭形成过程中环境演变的重建结果表明,水文系统和构造活动的变化可能会导致泥炭形成过程中环境的差异。生物标志物成分显示,裸子植物衍生的倍半萜和二萜类化合物较多,其次是正烷烃类化合物(除 Ia 煤层的碳质页岩样本外),而被子植物衍生的非跳烷类三萜类化合物、无环异戊烯类化合物、甾体类化合物和跳烷类化合物一般含量较少。二萜成分表明,主要来自于濯缨科和松科针叶树。少量以羽扇豆类为主的非蛇麻属三萜类化合物表明被子植物的发展有限,可能主要与桦木科有关。此外,中链(n-C21-25)正烷烃的相对丰度与替代比(Paq)的升高有关,表明泥炭的形成可能与水生大型植物有关。极低的烷烃浓度和较低/中等的β/(ββ + αβ)烷烃比意味着在弱酸性条件下有少量需氧细菌活动。无机碳的存在表明,环境酸度可能受到偶尔输入的中性至微碱性地下水的控制。有机物的低成熟度和有限的碳氢化合物生成潜力可以通过低腐殖质反射率、桧烷(C31 22S/(22S + 22R))和甾烷(αααC29 20S/(20S + 20R))异构化比率以及岩石评价参数、Tmax 和生产指数(PI)得到证明。
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Paleovegetation and environment during deposition of the Late Oligocene sub-bituminous coal in the Bobov Dol Basin (SW Bulgaria) as deduced from petrographic and geochemical characteristics

Coal and carbonaceous shale samples were taken from the Late Oligocene Bobov Dol Basin, SW Bulgaria. Seams Ia, I, IIa+b, III, IV and V from the coal-bearing Bobov Dol Fm. were sampled to provide insights into the peat forming vegetation and depositional environment based on detailed organic petrological and geochemical study.

The petrographic composition indicates that both coals and carbonaceous shales contain predominantly terrestrial organic matter with abundant huminite macerals and locally enriched liptinite macerals. Inertinite is rare or absent. Good tissue preservation in seams I, IV and V indicates deposition under wet sedimentary environment, whereas predominance of detrohuminite and lower Tissue Preservation Index (TPI) in seams Ia, IIa+b and III are linked to enhanced humification of the plant remains due to changes in the hydrological regime. The low percent of inertinite and the overall high Gelification Index (GI), however, argue for peat formation under wetter climatic settings, whereas low to moderate ash yields of coal samples indicate organic matter deposition in oligo- to mesotrophic topogenous mires. Reconstructed evolution of the environmental settings during peat formation denotes differences which might be caused by changes in the hydrological regime and tectonic activity.

The biomarker composition shows prevalence of gymnosperm-derived sesqui- and diterpenoids, followed by lower concentration of n-alkanes (apart from the carbonaceous shale samples from seam Ia), whereas angiosperm-derived non-hopanoid triterpenoids, acyclic isoprenoids, steroids and hopanoids, are generally present in minor amounts. Diterpenoid composition indicates dominant contribution from Cupressaceae and Pinaceae conifers. Minor amounts of predominantly lupane-type non-hopanoid triterpenoids denote limited development of angiosperm vegetation, presumably mostly related to Betulaceae family. Relative abundance of mid-chain (n-C2125) n-alkanes, associated with elevated proxy ratio (Paq) furthermore, suggest possible contribution from aquatic macrophytes to peat formation. Very low hopane concentrations and low/moderate ββ/(ββ + αβ) hopane ratios imply minor aerobic bacterial activity under mild acidic conditions. The presence of inorganic carbon suggests that environmental acidity might be controlled by the occasional input of neutral to slightly alkaline ground waters. Moderate sulfur contents and the occurrence of hopenes denote anaerobic bacterial activity after organic matter burial.

Low maturity of the organic matter and limited hydrocarbon generation potential is indicated by the low huminite reflectance, hopane (C31 22S/(22S + 22R)) and sterane (αααC29 20S/(20S + 20R)) isomerization ratios, as well as Rock-Eval parameters, Tmax and Production Index (PI).

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来源期刊
International Journal of Coal Geology
International Journal of Coal Geology 工程技术-地球科学综合
CiteScore
11.00
自引率
14.30%
发文量
145
审稿时长
38 days
期刊介绍: The International Journal of Coal Geology deals with fundamental and applied aspects of the geology and petrology of coal, oil/gas source rocks and shale gas resources. The journal aims to advance the exploration, exploitation and utilization of these resources, and to stimulate environmental awareness as well as advancement of engineering for effective resource management.
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