Plant biomass-based composites in the maritime industry: A review

Plant biomass-based composites have emerged as a sustainable alternative to synthetic fillers in the maritime industry. They have gained significant attention due to their unique advantages compared to traditional synthetic fillers. These advantages include greater flexibility, environmental friendliness, biodegradability, renewability, and low density. This study provides a comprehensive evaluation of plant biomass-based composites (PBCs) within the maritime sector, focusing on their composition, treatment methods, properties, and diverse applications. It highlights the extensive use of various plant biomass components, such as stems, leaves, seeds, grass, and wood, as effective fillers for PBCs. To enhance their performance, a variety of modification techniques, both physical and chemical, have been successfully employed. Polymer-based matrices are the most commonly chosen for PBC synthesis, although metals and ceramics are also utilized. The study examines the mechanical, chemical, water absorption, thermal, electrical, and morphological properties of PBCs relevant to the maritime industry. Applications of these composites are broad and encompass the production of boats, hulls, decks, canoes, surfboards, shipping ropes, paddles, and more. The adaptability and versatility of PBCs across these applications hold the potential to enhance structural integrity, reduce maintenance costs, and improve environmental performance in the maritime industry. This research contributes to a better understanding of plant biomass-based composites' potential in the maritime sector, addressing global concerns related to climate change and resource conservation. It underscores the pivotal role of PBCs in fostering a more eco-friendly and resilient maritime industry while promoting technological advancements and operational efficiency.