使用 ACT-R 模拟反刍对自由回忆的影响。

IF 2.9 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL Topics in Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2024-03-13 DOI:10.1111/tops.12726
Anmol Gupta, Clemens Kaiser, Jonas Everaert, Marieke van Vugt, Partha P Roy
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引用次数: 0

摘要

反刍思维的特点是反复关注消极和与自我相关的想法,是抑郁症的一个关键认知脆弱性标志,因此也是一个关键的个体差异变量。本研究旨在建立一个反刍的计算认知模型,重点关注记忆中信息的组织和检索,以及这些机制在易产生反刍和不易产生反刍的个体身上有何不同。研究采用了 "自适应理性思维控制"(Adaptive Control of Thought-Rational,ACT-R)技术,通过在陈述性记忆中添加具有负面情绪的记忆块来建立反刍模型。此外,还增加了它们的关联强度,以模拟反复出现的负面焦点,从而使其更难脱离。我们将 ACT-R 模型与两个包含对照组和抑郁组参与者数据的经验数据集进行了比较,从而对其进行了验证。我们的一般模型和反刍模型能够重现自由回忆的基准,同时分别与对照组和抑郁组参与者表现出的行为相匹配。我们的研究表明,建立反刍的计算理论是有可能的,它可以准确地模拟对照组和抑郁组个体在自由回忆动态方面的差异。这种模型可以对抑郁症的潜在认知机制进行更精细的研究,并有可能帮助改进干预措施,使其更有针对性地针对诱发和维持抑郁症的关键机制。
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Modeling Effects of Rumination on Free Recall Using ACT-R.

Ruminative thinking, characterized by a recurrent focus on negative and self-related thought, is a key cognitive vulnerability marker of depression and, therefore, a key individual difference variable. This study aimed to develop a computational cognitive model of rumination focusing on the organization and retrieval of information in memory, and how these mechanisms differ in individuals prone to rumination and individuals less prone to rumination. Adaptive Control of Thought-Rational (ACT-R) was used to develop a rumination model by adding memory chunks with negative valence to the declarative memory. In addition, their strength of association was increased to simulate recurrent negative focus, thereby making it harder to disengage from. The ACT-R models were validated by comparing them against two empirical datasets containing data from control and depressed participants. Our general and ruminative models were able to recreate the benchmarks of free recall while matching the behavior exhibited by the control and the depressed participants, respectively. Our study shows that it is possible to build a computational theory of rumination that can accurately simulate the differences in free recall dynamics between control and depressed individuals. Such a model could enable a more fine-tuned investigation of underlying cognitive mechanisms of depression and potentially help to improve interventions by allowing them to more specifically target key mechanisms that instigate and maintain depression.

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来源期刊
Topics in Cognitive Science
Topics in Cognitive Science PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL-
CiteScore
8.50
自引率
10.00%
发文量
52
期刊介绍: Topics in Cognitive Science (topiCS) is an innovative new journal that covers all areas of cognitive science including cognitive modeling, cognitive neuroscience, cognitive anthropology, and cognitive science and philosophy. topiCS aims to provide a forum for: -New communities of researchers- New controversies in established areas- Debates and commentaries- Reflections and integration The publication features multiple scholarly papers dedicated to a single topic. Some of these topics will appear together in one issue, but others may appear across several issues or develop into a regular feature. Controversies or debates started in one issue may be followed up by commentaries in a later issue, etc. However, the format and origin of the topics will vary greatly.
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