Recent progress in photocatalytic NAD(P)H regeneration for photocatalytic-enzymatic-coupling system

The enzymatic redox reactions in natural photosynthesis rely much on the participation of cofactors, with reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide/nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADH/NADPH) or their oxidized form (NAD⁺/NADP⁺) as an important redox power. The photocatalytic regeneration of expensive and unstable NADH/NADPH in vitro is an important process in enzymatic reduction and has attracted much research attention. Though different types of photocatalysts have been developed for photocatalytic NADH/NADPH regeneration, the efficiency is still relatively low. To elucidate the key factors affecting the performance of photocatalytic NADH/NADPH regeneration is helpful to rationally design the photocatalyst and improve the photocatalytic efficiency. In this paper, we overview the recent progress in photocatalytic NADH/NADPH regeneration with the focus on the strategies to improve the visible light adsorption, the charge separation and migration efficiency, as well as the surface reaction, which jointly determine the overall photocatalytic regeneration efficiency. The potential development of photocatalytic NADH/NADPH regeneration and photocatalytic-enzymatic-coupling system is prospected finally.