Early exposure to maternal stress and risk for atopic dermatitis in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background

The incidence of atopic dermatitis (AD) in children is increasing. Early exposure to stress factors may be associated with the AD development. This study aimed to summarize studies that reported an association between stress exposure and AD development in later life.

Methods and findings

A comprehensive literature search was performed using online databases (PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and Web of Science) for articles published up to May 1, 2023. Eligible studies were screened and selected based on the inclusion criteria. We incorporated cohort or case-control studies published in English which explored the relationship between stress experienced by parents or children and AD. The pooled odds ratio (OR) was calculated according to the type of stress using a random-effects model. Twenty-two studies were included. AD was related to maternal distress (OR 1.29, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.13–1.47), maternal anxiety (OR 1.31, 95% CI: 1.18–1.46), and negative life events (OR 2.00, 95% CI: 1.46–2.76). Maternal depression during pregnancy was associated with AD (OR 1.21, 95% CI: 1.09–1.33), whereas no significant association was found for postpartum depression. Research on stress experienced by paternal or children is scare.

Conclusions

Early maternal stress may potentially elevate the risk of AD in their offspring. Importantly, rigorously designed studies are required to corroborate the link between maternal stress and AD in children. These studies should aim to gather insights about the impact of stress during specific trimesters of pregnancy, postnatal stress, and paternal stress, and to identify potential prevention strategies.