{"title":"用于超级暴风雪模拟的一个光谱分区和两个多瞬时体微观物理方案的比较:水流星分布和降水的关键过程研究","authors":"Marcus Johnson, Ming Xue, Youngsun Jung","doi":"10.1007/s00376-023-3069-7","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>There are more uncertainties with ice hydrometeor representations and related processes than liquid hydrometeors within microphysics parameterization (MP) schemes because of their complicated geometries and physical properties. Idealized supercell simulations are produced using the WRF model coupled with “full” Hebrew University spectral bin MP (HU-SBM), and NSSL and Thompson bulk MP (BMP) schemes. HU-SBM downdrafts are typically weaker than those of the NSSL and Thompson simulations, accompanied by less rain evaporation. HU-SBM produces more cloud ice (plates), graupel, and hail than the BMPs, yet precipitates less at the surface. The limiting mass bins (and subsequently, particle size) of rimed ice in HU-SBM and slower rimed ice fall speeds lead to smaller melting-level net rimed ice fluxes than those of the BMPs. Aggregation from plates in HU-SBM, together with snow–graupel collisions, leads to a greater snow contribution to rain than those of the BMPs. Replacing HU-SBM’s fall speeds using the formulations of the BMPs after aggregating the discrete bin values to mass mixing ratios and total number concentrations increases net rain and rimed ice fluxes. Still, they are smaller in magnitude than bulk rain, NSSL hail, and Thompson graupel net fluxes near the surface. Conversely, the melting-layer net rimed ice fluxes are reduced when the fall speeds for the NSSL and Thompson simulations are calculated using HU-SBM fall speed formulations after discretizing the bulk particle size distributions (PSDs) into spectral bins. The results highlight precipitation sensitivity to storm dynamics, fall speed, hydrometeor evolution governed by process rates, and MP PSD design.</p>","PeriodicalId":7249,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Atmospheric Sciences","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5000,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Comparison of a Spectral Bin and Two Multi-Moment Bulk Microphysics Schemes for Supercell Simulation: Investigation into Key Processes Responsible for Hydrometeor Distributions and Precipitation\",\"authors\":\"Marcus Johnson, Ming Xue, Youngsun Jung\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/s00376-023-3069-7\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p>There are more uncertainties with ice hydrometeor representations and related processes than liquid hydrometeors within microphysics parameterization (MP) schemes because of their complicated geometries and physical properties. Idealized supercell simulations are produced using the WRF model coupled with “full” Hebrew University spectral bin MP (HU-SBM), and NSSL and Thompson bulk MP (BMP) schemes. HU-SBM downdrafts are typically weaker than those of the NSSL and Thompson simulations, accompanied by less rain evaporation. HU-SBM produces more cloud ice (plates), graupel, and hail than the BMPs, yet precipitates less at the surface. The limiting mass bins (and subsequently, particle size) of rimed ice in HU-SBM and slower rimed ice fall speeds lead to smaller melting-level net rimed ice fluxes than those of the BMPs. Aggregation from plates in HU-SBM, together with snow–graupel collisions, leads to a greater snow contribution to rain than those of the BMPs. Replacing HU-SBM’s fall speeds using the formulations of the BMPs after aggregating the discrete bin values to mass mixing ratios and total number concentrations increases net rain and rimed ice fluxes. Still, they are smaller in magnitude than bulk rain, NSSL hail, and Thompson graupel net fluxes near the surface. Conversely, the melting-layer net rimed ice fluxes are reduced when the fall speeds for the NSSL and Thompson simulations are calculated using HU-SBM fall speed formulations after discretizing the bulk particle size distributions (PSDs) into spectral bins. The results highlight precipitation sensitivity to storm dynamics, fall speed, hydrometeor evolution governed by process rates, and MP PSD design.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":7249,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Advances in Atmospheric Sciences\",\"volume\":\"32 1\",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":6.5000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-03-15\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Advances in Atmospheric Sciences\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"89\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-023-3069-7\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"地球科学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"METEOROLOGY & ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Advances in Atmospheric Sciences","FirstCategoryId":"89","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-023-3069-7","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"METEOROLOGY & ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
Comparison of a Spectral Bin and Two Multi-Moment Bulk Microphysics Schemes for Supercell Simulation: Investigation into Key Processes Responsible for Hydrometeor Distributions and Precipitation
There are more uncertainties with ice hydrometeor representations and related processes than liquid hydrometeors within microphysics parameterization (MP) schemes because of their complicated geometries and physical properties. Idealized supercell simulations are produced using the WRF model coupled with “full” Hebrew University spectral bin MP (HU-SBM), and NSSL and Thompson bulk MP (BMP) schemes. HU-SBM downdrafts are typically weaker than those of the NSSL and Thompson simulations, accompanied by less rain evaporation. HU-SBM produces more cloud ice (plates), graupel, and hail than the BMPs, yet precipitates less at the surface. The limiting mass bins (and subsequently, particle size) of rimed ice in HU-SBM and slower rimed ice fall speeds lead to smaller melting-level net rimed ice fluxes than those of the BMPs. Aggregation from plates in HU-SBM, together with snow–graupel collisions, leads to a greater snow contribution to rain than those of the BMPs. Replacing HU-SBM’s fall speeds using the formulations of the BMPs after aggregating the discrete bin values to mass mixing ratios and total number concentrations increases net rain and rimed ice fluxes. Still, they are smaller in magnitude than bulk rain, NSSL hail, and Thompson graupel net fluxes near the surface. Conversely, the melting-layer net rimed ice fluxes are reduced when the fall speeds for the NSSL and Thompson simulations are calculated using HU-SBM fall speed formulations after discretizing the bulk particle size distributions (PSDs) into spectral bins. The results highlight precipitation sensitivity to storm dynamics, fall speed, hydrometeor evolution governed by process rates, and MP PSD design.
期刊介绍:
Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, launched in 1984, aims to rapidly publish original scientific papers on the dynamics, physics and chemistry of the atmosphere and ocean. It covers the latest achievements and developments in the atmospheric sciences, including marine meteorology and meteorology-associated geophysics, as well as the theoretical and practical aspects of these disciplines.
Papers on weather systems, numerical weather prediction, climate dynamics and variability, satellite meteorology, remote sensing, air chemistry and the boundary layer, clouds and weather modification, can be found in the journal. Papers describing the application of new mathematics or new instruments are also collected here.