用于超级暴风雪模拟的一个光谱分区和两个多瞬时体微观物理方案的比较:水流星分布和降水的关键过程研究

IF 6.5 2区 地球科学 Q1 METEOROLOGY & ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES Advances in Atmospheric Sciences Pub Date : 2024-03-15 DOI:10.1007/s00376-023-3069-7
Marcus Johnson, Ming Xue, Youngsun Jung
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在微观物理参数化(MP)方案中,冰水文流星表示和相关过程比液体水文流星有更多的不确定性,因为它们的几何形状和物理特性都很复杂。理想化的超级暴风雪模拟是使用 WRF 模型与 "完整 "希伯来大学光谱仓 MP(HU-SBM)以及 NSSL 和汤普森体质 MP(BMP)方案耦合生成的。HU-SBM 的下沉气流通常比 NSSL 和 Thompson 模拟的下沉气流弱,伴随的雨水蒸发也较少。与 BMP 相比,HU-SBM 产生了更多的云冰(板)、灰凝胶和冰雹,但地表降水较少。HU-SBM 中缘冰的极限质量分区(以及随后的颗粒大小)和较慢的缘冰下落速度导致融化水平的净缘冰通量小于 BMPs。与 BMPs 相比,HU-SBM 中板块的聚集以及雪-岩浆的碰撞导致雪对降雨的贡献更大。在将离散分区值聚合为质量混合比和总数量浓度后,使用 BMP 的公式替换 HU-SBM 的下降速度,会增加净雨量和边缘冰通量。尽管如此,它们在量级上仍小于地表附近的大量降雨、NSSL 冰雹和汤普森冰砾的净通量。相反,在将大量粒径分布(PSDs)离散到光谱区后,使用 HU-SBM 降速公式计算 NSSL 和 Thompson 模拟的降速时,融化层缘冰净通量会减少。结果凸显了降水对风暴动力学、下落速度、受过程速率支配的水流星演变以及 MP PSD 设计的敏感性。
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Comparison of a Spectral Bin and Two Multi-Moment Bulk Microphysics Schemes for Supercell Simulation: Investigation into Key Processes Responsible for Hydrometeor Distributions and Precipitation

There are more uncertainties with ice hydrometeor representations and related processes than liquid hydrometeors within microphysics parameterization (MP) schemes because of their complicated geometries and physical properties. Idealized supercell simulations are produced using the WRF model coupled with “full” Hebrew University spectral bin MP (HU-SBM), and NSSL and Thompson bulk MP (BMP) schemes. HU-SBM downdrafts are typically weaker than those of the NSSL and Thompson simulations, accompanied by less rain evaporation. HU-SBM produces more cloud ice (plates), graupel, and hail than the BMPs, yet precipitates less at the surface. The limiting mass bins (and subsequently, particle size) of rimed ice in HU-SBM and slower rimed ice fall speeds lead to smaller melting-level net rimed ice fluxes than those of the BMPs. Aggregation from plates in HU-SBM, together with snow–graupel collisions, leads to a greater snow contribution to rain than those of the BMPs. Replacing HU-SBM’s fall speeds using the formulations of the BMPs after aggregating the discrete bin values to mass mixing ratios and total number concentrations increases net rain and rimed ice fluxes. Still, they are smaller in magnitude than bulk rain, NSSL hail, and Thompson graupel net fluxes near the surface. Conversely, the melting-layer net rimed ice fluxes are reduced when the fall speeds for the NSSL and Thompson simulations are calculated using HU-SBM fall speed formulations after discretizing the bulk particle size distributions (PSDs) into spectral bins. The results highlight precipitation sensitivity to storm dynamics, fall speed, hydrometeor evolution governed by process rates, and MP PSD design.

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来源期刊
Advances in Atmospheric Sciences
Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 地学-气象与大气科学
CiteScore
9.30
自引率
5.20%
发文量
154
审稿时长
6 months
期刊介绍: Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, launched in 1984, aims to rapidly publish original scientific papers on the dynamics, physics and chemistry of the atmosphere and ocean. It covers the latest achievements and developments in the atmospheric sciences, including marine meteorology and meteorology-associated geophysics, as well as the theoretical and practical aspects of these disciplines. Papers on weather systems, numerical weather prediction, climate dynamics and variability, satellite meteorology, remote sensing, air chemistry and the boundary layer, clouds and weather modification, can be found in the journal. Papers describing the application of new mathematics or new instruments are also collected here.
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