Bote Vaishali Raosaheb, Anand Adeppa, Sudhakara Aralihalli, Ekwipoo Kalkornsurapranee, Akarapong Tuljittraporn, Arthittaya Chuaybamrung, A. V. Vijayashankar, Jobish Johns
{"title":"使用 2,4-二羟基苯甲醛对天然橡胶进行低温硫化的新型化学方法:改善热性能和拉伸性能","authors":"Bote Vaishali Raosaheb, Anand Adeppa, Sudhakara Aralihalli, Ekwipoo Kalkornsurapranee, Akarapong Tuljittraporn, Arthittaya Chuaybamrung, A. V. Vijayashankar, Jobish Johns","doi":"10.1007/s13726-024-01297-7","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A novel method for chemically curing natural rubber (NR) using 2,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde (DHB) at low temperatures has been discovered. Adding varying amounts of DHB to NR increases the crosslinking between the NR molecular chains. The chemical reaction between NR molecular chains and DHB was confirmed through Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra. From the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), the thermal stability and activation energy of degradation were determined. The variation in glass transition temperature (<i>T</i><sub>g</sub>), as an indication of increased crosslink density, reducing the mobility of rubber chains, has been confirmed through differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The addition of DHB to latex significantly enhanced the thermal stability of the rubber. An increase in the activation energy of 5.52% was observed upon the addition of 80 mL DHB into NRL when compared to the uncured one. Furthermore, the tensile properties, in terms of tensile strength and modulus of elasticity of rubber, were drastically increased through DHB crosslinking. Tensile strength values of rubber were found to increase by reducing its elongation at break due to the formation of crosslinks between the macromolecular chains. NR cured with 80 mL DHB exhibited superior tensile and thermal properties among the series of cured samples. By adding 80 mL of DHB, the tensile strength increased by 390% and the elongation at break decreased by 10%. The advantage of this curing method is that, it is an effective technique for crosslinking NR directly from NR latex at comparatively low temperature.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\n<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":601,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Polymer Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4000,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"A novel chemical route for low-temperature curing of natural rubber using 2,4 dihydroxybenzaldehyde: improved thermal and tensile properties\",\"authors\":\"Bote Vaishali Raosaheb, Anand Adeppa, Sudhakara Aralihalli, Ekwipoo Kalkornsurapranee, Akarapong Tuljittraporn, Arthittaya Chuaybamrung, A. V. Vijayashankar, Jobish Johns\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/s13726-024-01297-7\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><p>A novel method for chemically curing natural rubber (NR) using 2,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde (DHB) at low temperatures has been discovered. Adding varying amounts of DHB to NR increases the crosslinking between the NR molecular chains. The chemical reaction between NR molecular chains and DHB was confirmed through Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra. From the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), the thermal stability and activation energy of degradation were determined. The variation in glass transition temperature (<i>T</i><sub>g</sub>), as an indication of increased crosslink density, reducing the mobility of rubber chains, has been confirmed through differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The addition of DHB to latex significantly enhanced the thermal stability of the rubber. An increase in the activation energy of 5.52% was observed upon the addition of 80 mL DHB into NRL when compared to the uncured one. Furthermore, the tensile properties, in terms of tensile strength and modulus of elasticity of rubber, were drastically increased through DHB crosslinking. Tensile strength values of rubber were found to increase by reducing its elongation at break due to the formation of crosslinks between the macromolecular chains. NR cured with 80 mL DHB exhibited superior tensile and thermal properties among the series of cured samples. By adding 80 mL of DHB, the tensile strength increased by 390% and the elongation at break decreased by 10%. The advantage of this curing method is that, it is an effective technique for crosslinking NR directly from NR latex at comparatively low temperature.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\\n<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":601,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Iranian Polymer Journal\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":2.4000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-03-18\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Iranian Polymer Journal\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"92\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13726-024-01297-7\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"化学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q3\",\"JCRName\":\"POLYMER SCIENCE\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Iranian Polymer Journal","FirstCategoryId":"92","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13726-024-01297-7","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"POLYMER SCIENCE","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
我们发现了一种在低温下使用 2,4-二羟基苯甲醛(DHB)对天然橡胶(NR)进行化学固化的新方法。在 NR 中加入不同量的 DHB 可增加 NR 分子链之间的交联。傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)和质子核磁共振光谱(NMR)证实了 NR 分子链与 DHB 之间的化学反应。热重分析(TGA)测定了降解的热稳定性和活化能。通过差示扫描量热法(DSC)确认了玻璃化转变温度(Tg)的变化,这表明交联密度增加,降低了橡胶链的流动性。在胶乳中添加 DHB 可显著提高橡胶的热稳定性。与未固化的 NRL 相比,在 NRL 中加入 80 mL DHB 后,活化能增加了 5.52%。此外,通过 DHB 交联,橡胶的拉伸强度和弹性模量等拉伸性能也大幅提高。由于大分子链之间形成了交联,橡胶的拉伸强度值通过降低断裂伸长率而增加。在一系列硫化样品中,用 80 mL DHB 硫化的 NR 具有更优越的拉伸和热性能。加入 80 mL DHB 后,拉伸强度提高了 390%,断裂伸长率降低了 10%。这种固化方法的优点在于,它是一种在相对较低的温度下直接从 NR 胶乳中交联 NR 的有效技术。
A novel chemical route for low-temperature curing of natural rubber using 2,4 dihydroxybenzaldehyde: improved thermal and tensile properties
A novel method for chemically curing natural rubber (NR) using 2,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde (DHB) at low temperatures has been discovered. Adding varying amounts of DHB to NR increases the crosslinking between the NR molecular chains. The chemical reaction between NR molecular chains and DHB was confirmed through Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra. From the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), the thermal stability and activation energy of degradation were determined. The variation in glass transition temperature (Tg), as an indication of increased crosslink density, reducing the mobility of rubber chains, has been confirmed through differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The addition of DHB to latex significantly enhanced the thermal stability of the rubber. An increase in the activation energy of 5.52% was observed upon the addition of 80 mL DHB into NRL when compared to the uncured one. Furthermore, the tensile properties, in terms of tensile strength and modulus of elasticity of rubber, were drastically increased through DHB crosslinking. Tensile strength values of rubber were found to increase by reducing its elongation at break due to the formation of crosslinks between the macromolecular chains. NR cured with 80 mL DHB exhibited superior tensile and thermal properties among the series of cured samples. By adding 80 mL of DHB, the tensile strength increased by 390% and the elongation at break decreased by 10%. The advantage of this curing method is that, it is an effective technique for crosslinking NR directly from NR latex at comparatively low temperature.
期刊介绍:
Iranian Polymer Journal, a monthly peer-reviewed international journal, provides a continuous forum for the dissemination of the original research and latest advances made in science and technology of polymers, covering diverse areas of polymer synthesis, characterization, polymer physics, rubber, plastics and composites, processing and engineering, biopolymers, drug delivery systems and natural polymers to meet specific applications. Also contributions from nano-related fields are regarded especially important for its versatility in modern scientific development.