The Phase Control of Transition Metallic Elements via Facile Chemical and Physical Syntheses

The crystal phases of metals are important factors to tune the properties of metals, and therefore received extensive attention. Traditionally, phase control is performed within limited numbers of elements by harsh conditions, such as face-centered cubic Fe by high temperature. This review summarizes most reports in metal phase control area, including elements of Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Ru, Pd, Rh, Os and Au. For every metallic element, the facile phase control methods are systematically introduced, such as epitaxial growth, ball milling, chemical reduction, etc. Their corresponding applications and the mechanisms for phase control are thoroughly discussed.