Chemical record最新文献

Ethylene and propylene serve as the basic platform chemicals in the chemical industry. Research on their production has garnered significant interest. One of them is the dehydrogenation of light alkanes with the oxidative promotion of CO₂. This process can simultaneously produce light olefins and achieve resource utilization of CO₂. Pt-based catalysts, extensively used in the direct dehydrogenation of light alkanes, are expected to show activity potential in the CO₂ oxidative dehydrogenation (CO₂-ODH) of light alkanes. However, research on Pt-based catalysts for CO₂-ODH of light alkanes remains limited, and no systematic review has been reported yet. Here, the advancements in Pt-based catalysts for the CO₂-ODH of ethane and propane are reviewed, including (i) reaction mechanisms, (ii) rational design strategies for efficient and stable Pt-based catalysts, and (iii) emerging reaction processes and optimization methods. Perspectives on fundamental challenges and future research are proposed. Among them, machine learning-guided design of Pt-based catalysts will be an important research direction in the future.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), owing to their highly tunable structures, large specific surface areas, rich pore architectures, and diverse functionalities, have emerged as promising candidates for addressing environmental and energy challenges. With continuous advances in green synthesis techniques, eco-friendly applications of MOFs are progressively transitioning from laboratory research to real-world engineering. This review systematically summarizes recent progress in MOF applications across multiple green technology domains, including environmental remediation, sustainable energy conversion and storage, agricultural and food sciences, and healthcare. Emphasis is placed on the mechanisms and performance of MOFs in air pollution control, water treatment, photo/electrocatalytic water splitting and hydrogen storage, lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors, pesticide delivery systems, food packaging materials, drug delivery, and bioimaging. Furthermore, key challenges facing practical MOF applications, such as material stability, regenerability, scalability in synthesis, and environmental safety, are critically analyzed. Prospects for future research directions are also outlined. This review aims to provide theoretical support and research guidance for the advanced application of MOFs in green chemistry, low-carbon energy, smart agriculture, and precision medicine, thereby promoting their further engineering implementation and industrialization within the framework of sustainable development.

The growing global demand for eco-friendly and innovative biomaterials has led to the extensive use of natural polymers, such as natural gums and mucilage, in diverse industrial applications, including food, agriculture, biomedical, and cosmetics. These natural polymers are carbohydrate biomolecules derived from various natural sources, including plants, animals, microbes, and marine organisms, that exhibit a broad spectrum of physicochemical characteristics, such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, and nontoxicity. This review critically examines the chemical composition and elucidates the hydrophilic nature that leads to the formation of hydrogels, which are next-generation biomaterials for the innovation and development of advanced polymeric materials. The unique structural diversity, availability, and functionality make them highly suitable for various applications. This review provides a comprehensive overview of various natural gums and mucilage that are widely available, including their chemical constituents, structures, possible modifications, properties, crosslinking strategies for hydrogel synthesis, and recent advancements in their applications. The functional properties of natural gums and mucilage-based hydrogels highlight their potential for developing stronger, more natural, and innovative hydrogel products and also suggest future research directions, such as advanced modification techniques, hybrid hydrogel systems, and improvements in stability to support innovative applications and environmental sustainability.

Over the past 30 years, I have pursued research on the precise control of doping levels (DLs) and molecular structure in conjugated organic materials for understanding their molecular properties and applying them to photo- and electroactive materials. In this personal account, an overview of studies analyzing the molecular characteristics of conjugated oligomers-including their optical, electrochemical, thermal, and electrical properties-is provided in relation to the main-chain π-conjugated length, the electron-donating and -accepting nature of side chains, and the DLs. Furthermore, the development of dye molecules and polymeric materials based on these oligomers and their applications in energy-related devices, such as electrochromic smart windows, dye-sensitized solar cells, organic photovoltaics, and organic thermoelectrics, are described. By integrating molecular design with doping control, these efforts bridge the gap between property design and device-level functionality, offering valuable guidelines for the future development of high-performance organic materials.

The rapid progression of industrialization has generated substantial environmental deterioration, posing significant threats to public health. Developing efficient and cost-effective strategies to combat environmental pollution is of paramount importance. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have recently emerged as a versatile photocatalytic platform, distinguished by their structurally tunable porosity, exceptional light-harvesting capacity, and superior charge separation efficiency. In particular, the intrinsically crystalline 3D structures of MOFs, characterized by highly ordered coordination networks and well-defined pore architectures, provide stable channels for molecular transport and endow the spatial organization of catalytically active sites. This review systematically summarizes the fundamental mechanisms and recent progress in MOF-based photocatalysis for environmental remediation, focusing on the degradation of organic pollutants, decomposition of antibiotics, and reduction of toxic heavy metal ions. Finally, current challenges and prospects in the field are critically discussed, providing a perspective for the rational design of high-performance MOF photocatalysts.

The employment of the copious and renewable carbon dioxide (CO₂) as a C1 synthon in multicomponent reactions represents a revolutionary strategy for promoting sustainable synthesis and the valorization of carbon resources. This review comprehensively scrutinizes recent advancements in CO₂-involved multicomponent reactions with isocyanides, primarily focusing on two innovative methodologies: first, the strategic in situ generation of reactive carbonate intermediates from CO₂ in Ugi and Passerini reactions, which facilitates the efficient assembly of nitrogen-containing fine chemicals. Second, the transition-metal-catalyzed direct incorporation of CO₂ into isocyanides, enabling subsequent cyclization with o-haloanilines, alkynes, and other components to obtain privileged heterocyclic structures-such as quinazolinediones and phthalimides-and functional polymeric materials. These developments not only lay the fundamental mechanistic groundwork for CO₂ participation in amphiphilic reaction systems but also highlight its significant potential for the design of novel pharmacologically active agents and advanced functional materials.

The interdisciplinary integration of conventional organic synthesis with advanced electrochemical methodologies has catalyzed the emergence of a transformative discipline: organic electrochemical synthesis. This innovative field has emerged as a pivotal player in addressing contemporary challenges of escalating energy scarcity and environmental degradation. This review initiates its discourse by examining cathodic reduction processes in organic-electrochemical synthesis systems. We systematically elucidate the electrochemically driven reduction-hydrogenation (deuteration) and reductive coupling reactions occurring at unsaturated bonds (CO, CN, and NN) through a critical analysis of recent advancements. Our comprehensive presentation aims to provide scholars with profound insights into the distinct advantages and underlying mechanisms that differentiate electrochemical organic synthesis from traditional catalytic approaches, particularly emphasizing its enhanced atom economy, superior energy efficiency, and improved environmental compatibility.

The current global energy demand has made it urgent to find highly efficient, cost-effective, and lightweight solar technologies. Organic and perovskite-based solar cells have recently emerged as strong alternatives by offering significant advantages over traditional silicon-based solar cells. However, the development of highly efficient photovoltaic materials with tunable optoelectronic properties remains challenging. This review article summarizes the progress in the development of various metal- and metalloid-based diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) materials for photovoltaic applications. DPP is a widely used chromophore for preparing efficient semiconducting materials due to its strong electron-accepting ability, broad absorption spectra and high thermal stability, along with a rigid planar backbone, supports π-π stacking and efficient charge transport. This review systematically describes the synthetic design strategies, optoelectronic properties, and device performance of metal- (iron, platinum, iridium) and metalloid- (sulfur, selenium, tellurium, silicon) based DPP materials. A detailed analysis with respect to their structure-property relationships and impact of metal on the device performance is provided. The analysis of various derivatives shows that the nickel-DPP-based ternary devices achieved the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 16.06%, whereas the platinum-DPP binary device gives the highest efficiency of 15.03%. The review emphasizes the importance of integrating various metal- and metalloid elements into DPP to enhance performance. Finally, the review concludes by addressing fundamental challenges and promising future research directions.

Indazoles and benzisoxazoles, two eminent nitrogen-containing heterocyclic scaffolds, have attracted tremendous attention for diverse biological activities, involving antibacterial, anticancer, antiviral, antitumor, and antibiotic studies. On the other hand, a proficient tool for inserting, exchanging, or deleting atom within the core structure of the molecules, is described as skeletal editing, which is also a hot topic in recent days. Therefore, the skeletal modification of N-heterocycles facilitates many challenging synthetic pathways into simplified synthetic strategies for several medicinally important biochemicals. In general, the skeletal editing of these heterocycles proceeds through carbon insertion, nitrogen insertion and C-N bond insertion. This review article provides an overview of an eminent synthetic strategy, skeletal editing, of two noteworthy widespread heterocyclic compounds with literature coverage up to June, 2025.

As vital biomacromolecules, polysaccharides play pivotal roles in biological processes, including cell recognition, immune modulation, and signal transduction. Their bioactivities hinge on the precise "sugar code," comprising monosaccharide composition, glycosidic linkages, chain length, branching, and modifications. However, natural extraction faces challenges, including yield variability, low purity, and batch inconsistencies, which impede research and applications. Thus, synthetic approaches have emerged as an essential strategy for producing well-defined polysaccharides. This review summarizes recent progress in polysaccharide synthesis across chemical, enzymatic, and chemoenzymatic approaches. Framing the "structure-synthesis-function" nexus, it elucidates the design principles and application potential of bioactive polysaccharides, traces their evolution from fundamental research to industrial implementation, and offers strategic insights for drug discovery, biomaterials engineering, and functional food development.