解密 paccar:法律解释和诉讼资金

Rachael Mulheron
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摘要

在 20 年来最重要的资助判决中,英国最高法院在 R. (PACCAR Inc. and others) v Competition Appeal Tribunal and others [2023] UKSC 28, [2023] 1 W.L.R. 2594 一案中宣布,作为法定解释事项,第三方资助人的诉讼资助协议 (LFA) 是基于损害赔偿的协议 (DBA),因为第三方资助人提供的是 "索赔管理服务"。该判决推翻了先前的分院判决和竞争上诉法庭判决,以及业界和司法界长期以来的理解,对英国诉讼产生了直接影响。由于不符合 DBA 法规,许多本地财务协议需要立即重新谈判;但对某些协议而言,其影响要严重得多。本文追溯了这一重大事件发生之前的立法、软法律和法律改革活动;提出了在未来的判例法中可能会重新评估影响判决结果的一项关键的法律解释原则;讨论了推翻立法的可能性;并预测了 PACCAR 判决对(尤其是消费者)诉讼的影响,除非推翻该判决。
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UNPACKING PACCAR: STATUTORY INTERPRETATION AND LITIGATION FUNDING

In the most important funding decision in 20 years, the UK Supreme Court has declared in R. (PACCAR Inc. and others) v Competition Appeal Tribunal and others [2023] UKSC 28, [2023] 1 W.L.R. 2594 that, as a matter of statutory interpretation, a third-party funder’s litigation funding agreement (LFA) is a damages-based agreement (DBA) because third-party funders are offering “claims management services”. This decision, which overturned both the earlier Divisional Court and the Competition Appeal Tribunal decisions, and long-held industry and judicial understanding, has had an immediate impact upon UK litigation. Many LFAs will require immediate re-negotiation, given their non-compliance with the DBA legislation; but for some, the ramifications are much more serious. This article traces the legislation, soft law and law reform activity which preceded this momentous event; it suggests that a key principle of statutory interpretation which governed the outcome might arguably be re-evaluated in future case law; it discusses the possibility of legislative reversal; and it predicts the ramifications of the PACCAR decision upon (especially consumer) litigation unless reversed.

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