Dual-drug-loaded MSCs-derived exosomal vesicles inhibit endometrial cancer cell proliferation by promoting apoptosis through the migration and invasion of Rac1/NF-κB/MMP2 signalling pathway

Abstract

Endometrial carcinoma affects the uterine lining. Endogenous activity, intrinsic targeting, and ability to engage with a host defence system make exosomal vehicles (EVs) a viable cancer treatment alternative. Due to these benefits, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived EVs loaded with carboplatin and paclitaxel could resemble immune cells to fight cancer. This study found that Car-Pac@EVs downregulated endometrial cancer (EC) cells relative to normal endometrium. Car-Pac@EVs' effects on ECC-1 and HEC-1A EC cells at different doses were examined in vitro. To detect cancer, MTT, flow cytometry, and transwell assays were used. Protein expression was measured by Western blotting and qRT-PCR. Car-Pac@EVs were affected by time- and dose-dependent EC cell proliferation reductions. In EC cells, Car-Pac@EVs triggered apoptosis. Car-Pac@EVs formulation reduced EC cell migration and invasion by reducing MMP-2 expression via Rac1/NF-κB signalling. The results indicated that Car-Pac@EVs may be an effective EC diagnosis and treatment target.

Graphical abstract