Maintaining A Long-Term Practice of Daily Pelvic Floor Muscle Exercises: What Do Childbearing Women Think?

Introduction

To be effective, pelvic floor muscle therapy (PFMT) exercises should be intense, be practiced consistently, and include clinical support. Many women do not adhere to a consistent PFMT program, compromising the resolution or prevention of urinary incontinence (UI). This study aimed to answer 2 key questions: What prevents women from performing PFMT long term, and what can health care providers do to support women to perform them?

Methods

Postpartum women from 4 sites in the United States completed a questionnaire about experiences with PFMT or Kegel exercises during and after pregnancy. This study focused on one of the 7 open-ended questions: What would prevent you from performing Kegels lifelong? Thematic analysis was implemented via an inductive approach using Braun and Clarke's 6-phase process.

Results

Three salient themes emerged that help explain factors that prevent women from adhering to a daily PFMT routine: (1) life gets in the way, (2) inadequate PFMT education and instruction, and (3) disconnect exists about long-term consequences. The sample included 368 participants.

Discussion

The themes were congruent with the limited body of qualitative literature on experience with PFMT exercises. This study was able to identify areas of need in the US maternal health care system to help childbearing people adopt daily PFMT, such as (1) inadequate parental leave and childcare support, (2) no formalized education related to UI and PFMT and a lack of pelvic health promotion, (3) lacking prioritization of long-term PFMT, and (4) the need to dispel the acceptance that UI postbirth is normal. Health care providers should prioritize interactive education, emphasizing how to correctly perform PFMT and the importance and effectiveness of integrating clinical support. To adequately encompass pelvic floor health care and education up to one year postbirth, changes are needed to the US perinatal health care system, providing sufficient insurance reimbursement and parental social support programs.