干旱小麦施用抗蒸腾剂提高产量与蒸腾作用降低和脱落酸减少有关

W. Mphande, A. D. Farrell, L. H. Vickers, I. G. Grove, P. S. Kettlewell
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摘要

在地中海型气候条件下,终期干旱会导致小麦减产。抗逆剂可以减轻终期干旱的影响并提高产量,但其中的机理尚未完全明了。除其他影响外,干旱还会提高内源脱落酸(ABA)的浓度。在此,研究人员结合植物水分状况和穗轴脱落酸(ABA)研究了薄膜抗蒸腾剂(二-1-对薄荷素)的效果。目的是通过比较二-1-对孟替尼与氟利酮(一种 ABA 抑制剂)的效果,确定二-1-对孟替尼改善干旱是否仅通过减少 ABA 来实现。2020 年春季和夏季,在英国哈珀-亚当斯大学(Harper Adams University)进行了两次田间试验,采用随机完全区组设计(分别有六个和八个重复区组)对处理进行了评估,以比较它们在渐进干旱条件下对穗ABA、气体交换和农艺性状的影响。在旗叶萌发、生长阶段 37(GS37)时,以 1 升/公顷的剂量施用二-1-对孟替尼,以 10、20 和 50 μM 的浓度施用氟啶酮。干旱增加了穗粒 ABA,并降低了光合作用。二-1-对孟替尼和氟啶酮在某些浓度下会降低穗的 ABA 和光合作用。Di-1-p-menthene 可抑制蒸腾作用和穗 ABA,各减少 21%,但谷物产量却增加了 27%。相反,虽然氟啶酮(10 μM 和 50 μM)也会降低穗的 ABA(16%),但总体而言,它不会改变蒸腾作用或谷物产量。这些结果表明,二-1-对甲苯酚能提高产量,其机制是通过减少蒸腾作用来保持植物水分,而抑制穗的 ABA 起次要作用。
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Yield improvement with antitranspirant application in droughted wheat associated with both reduced transpiration and reduced abscisic acid

In Mediterranean-type climates, terminal drought induces grain yield losses in wheat. Antitranspirants can reduce the impacts of terminal drought and improve yield, but the mechanisms involved are not fully understood. Among other impacts, drought elevates endogenous abscisic acid (ABA) concentration. Here, the effectiveness of a film antitranspirant (di-1-p-menthene) was studied in relation to plant water status and spike ABA. The objective was to determine whether drought amelioration with di-1-p-menthene was solely mediated through a reduction in ABA by comparing its effects to that of fluridone (an ABA inhibitor). The treatments were assessed in a randomized complete block design in two field experiments in spring and summer of 2020, with six and eight replicate blocks, respectively, at Harper Adams University, UK, to compare their effects on spike ABA, gas exchange and agronomic traits under progressive drought conditions. Di-1-p-menthene was applied at 1 l/ha; and fluridone at 10, 20 and 50 μM concentrations, at flag leaf emergence, growth stage 37 (GS37). Drought increased spike ABA and downregulated photosynthesis. Di-1-p-menthene and fluridone at some concentrations, reduced spike ABA and photosynthesis. Di-1-p-menthene suppressed transpiration and spike ABA, each by 21% but increased grain yield by 27%. In contrast, although fluridone (at 10 and 50 μM) also reduced spike ABA (by 16%), overall, it did not alter transpiration or grain yield. The results suggest that yield improvement with di-1-p-methene is mediated through mechanisms that involve conservation of plant water linked to reduced transpiration, with inhibition of spike ABA playing a secondary role.

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