领土生活质量与住宅扩张和密集化的相互关系:欧盟成员国地区案例研究

E. Ustaoğlu, Brendan Williams
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摘要

为应对社会经济和环境挑战,全球和地方政策都提倡高密度城市发展,因为它能提高不同土地用途的流动性,减少出行需求,鼓励使用更节能的建筑和交通方式,并允许共享稀缺的城市设施。因此,增加密度和混合用途开发有望在促进主题中可持续性的三大支柱(社会、经济和环境领域)方面取得积极成果。领土生活质量(TQL)--最初由 ESPON 计划提出--是居住在一个地区的个人的社会经济和环境福祉以及生活满意度的综合指标。了解城市密度在 TQL 中的作用,可以为城市规划辩论提供重要依据,讨论是否可以通过参考高密度、混合土地利用和可持续交通规定的潜在效率来促进紧凑型发展。另外,由于地价较低,低密度郊区发展对单个家庭的人均土地使用消耗(较大的房屋)较高,因此也是可取的。关于高密度与低密度城市形态如何影响 TQL 的经验证据很少。本文通过提供一种方法,对欧盟成员国所谓的 NUTS2(统计用陆地单位命名法)地区的 TQL、住宅扩张和密集化进程之间的关系进行空间映射和研究,从而对这一主题进行调查。每个 TQL 指标的相对重要性是通过熵权法确定的,这些指标通过使用主题权重进行汇总,从而得到总体 TQL 指标。我们对 TQL 的空间动态进行了研究,并分析了其与住宅扩张和密集化过程之间的关系,以揭示在我们的研究区域内,是前者还是后者与 TQL 指标正相关。从我们的回归模型来看,住宅扩张指数与 TQL 指标呈负相关,这意味着如果没有相关基础设施和设备投资的支持,高水平的住宅扩张可能会导致地区整体生活质量的下降。
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The Inter-Relationships of Territorial Quality of Life with Residential Expansion and Densification: A Case Study of Regions in EU Member Countries
High-density urban development is promoted by both global and local policies in response to socio-economic and environmental challenges since it increases mobility of different land uses, decreases the need for traveling, encourages the use of more energy-efficient buildings and modes of transportation, and permits the sharing of scarce urban amenities. It is therefore argued that increased density and mixed-use development are expected to deliver positive outcomes in terms of contributing to three pillars (social, economic, and environmental domains) of sustainability in the subject themes. Territorial quality of life (TQL)—initially proposed by the ESPON Programme—is a composite indicator of the socio-economic and environmental well-being and life satisfaction of individuals living in an area. Understanding the role of urban density in TQL can provide an important input for urban planning debates addressing whether compact development can be promoted by referring to potential efficiencies in high-density, mixed land use and sustainable transport provisions. Alternatively, low-density suburban development is preferable due to its benefits of high per capita land use consumption (larger houses) for individual households given lower land prices. There is little empirical evidence on how TQL is shaped by high-density versus low-density urban forms. This paper investigates this topic through providing an approach to spatially map and examine the relationship between TQL, residential expansion, and densification processes in the so-called NUTS2 (nomenclature of terrestrial units for statistics) regions of European Union (EU) member countries. The relative importance of each TQL indicator was determined through the entropy weight method, where these indicators were aggregated through using the subject weights to obtain the overall TQL indicator. The spatial dynamics of TQL were examined and its relationship with residential expansion and densification processes was analysed to uncover whether the former or the latter process is positively associated with the TQL indicator within our study area. From our regression models, the residential expansion index is negatively related to the TQL indicator, implying that high levels of residential expansion can result in a reduction in overall quality of life in the regions if they are not supported by associated infrastructure and facility investments.
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