The birth order and identity formation during emerging adulthood

Introduction: The aim of the study was to analyse the relationship between birth order and identity development during emerging adulthood. Identity formation was defined in accordance with the Double Cycle of Identity Formation model by Koen Luyckx and the corresponding DIDS questionnaire in Polish adaptation by Konrad Piotrowski. Method: Referring to the Identity Development Dimensions Scale, hypotheses were put forward regarding birth order and the value of individual dimensions. 102 people took part in the study, in the form of an anonymous online questionnaire, declaring, among other things, their order of birth in the family. The obtained data were subjected to statistical analysis, where the intensity of each of the five dimensions of DIDS was compared: exploration in breadth, commitment making, ruminative exploration, exploration in depth, and identification with commitment. Results: Results of the study indicate that middle children undertake significantly less exploration in both breadth and depth, compared to the youngest and oldest children. Conclusions: A review of research dealing with the issue of birth order suggests that middle children are a very diverse and ill-defined group as a result of many intervening variables. Therefore, this group may have exceptional difficulty in exploring and finding their own space. The lack of specific identity characteristics or roles is not compensated here. Other factors pivotal for a person's identity formation are also considered in the postulates for further research, e.g. the matter of taking up a job.