长走廊中多个屋顶挡烟结构的最佳间距研究

Fire Pub Date : 2024-03-15 DOI:10.3390/fire7030091
Zeqi Wu, Kun Wang, Lin Shao, Huaitao Song, Kunpeng Liu
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在狭长的走廊中,安装屋顶挡烟结构是减缓火灾烟雾扩散的一项措施。在采用多个挡烟结构时,为了达到最佳效果,这些结构之间的间距是一个需要考虑的关键参数。本文分析了不同间距的双层结构的挡烟性能,并测量了双层结构上下游的烟流速度。根据数值模拟得到的烟气流速矢量分析,根据烟气通过前挡烟板结构后的流动状态,可将烟气分为三个区域,即涡流区、涌浪区和稳流区。当后挡烟板位于涌浪区时,挡烟效果最佳。对烟雾层形态的分析表明,涡流区的长度与上游烟雾流速成正比。数值和实验结果都表明,结构间距过大或过小都无法达到最佳烟雾控制效果。当间距在最佳范围内时,烟雾流速最低。最后,本文以一个真实的建筑走廊为案例背景,介绍了屋顶挡烟结构的设计实例。为了尽可能多地布置挡烟结构,结构之间的适当间距应略大于涡流区域。通过数值模拟验证了多屋顶结构的烟雾控制效果。结果表明,烟雾通过走廊所需的时间增加了 110 秒。
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Research on the Optimal Spacing of Multiple Roof Smoke Blocking Structures in a Long Corridor
In a long and narrow corridor, the installation of roof smoke blocking structures is a measure to slow down the spread of fire smoke. When employing multiple smoke blocking structures, the spacing between these structures is a critical parameter that needs to be considered for optimal effectiveness. This paper analyzes the smoke blocking performance of double structures at different spacing and measures the smoke flow velocity both upstream and downstream of the double structures. According to the analysis of the smoke velocity vector obtained from numerical simulation, the smoke can be divided into three zones based on the flow state of the smoke after passing through the front smoke screen structure, namely the vortex zone, surge wave zone, and steady flow zone. When the rear smoke screen is located in the surge zone, the smoke blocking effect is optimal. Analysis of the morphology of the smoke layer indicates that the length of the vortex region is directly proportional to the upstream smoke flow velocity. The numerical and experimental results both indicate that an excessively large or small spacing between the structures fails to achieve optimal smoke control effectiveness. When the spacing is within an optimal range, the smoke velocity is the lowest. Finally, using a real architectural corridor as a case background, this paper presents a design example of roof smoke blocking structures. In order to arrange as many smoke blocking structures as possible, an appropriate spacing between the structures should be slightly larger than the vortex region. The smoke control effectiveness of multiple roof structures was validated through numerical simulation. As a result, the time required for smoke to pass through the corridor increases by 110 s.
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