马丁-海德格尔的自由思考

Pavel Hlavinka
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在《存在与时间》中,有必要区分 "释放"(Freisein)和 "自由"(Freiheit)这两个概念。释放 "指的是 "达西恩 "的事实性,即为 "达西恩 "在 "存在-世界 "中提供一个定向的场域,而 "自由 "指的是其存在性,即以自身投射(Entwurf)的形式对这一场域的真实把握。传统的自由概念似乎已无立足之地。尽管有这种印象,《存在与时间》的作者还是毫无疑问地告诉我们,"自由"(liberum arbitrium)意义上的自由概念与存在论分析密不可分。在海德格尔思想转向之后,"存在"(Sein)不再是从现代主观主义转化为 "存在"(Dasein)的立场来思考的。不是我们思考存在(Seyn),而是存在本身思考我们。不是我们自由,而是 "存在 "本身通过我们实现其自由。
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Myšlení svobody u Martina Heideggera
In Being and Time it is necessary to distinguish between the concepts of release ( Freisein ) and freedom ( Freiheit ). The term "release" refers to the facticity of Dasein, that is, the provision of a field of orientation for Dasein in being-in-the-world, and "freedom" refers to its existentiality, that is, the authentic grasping of this field in the form of one's own projection ( Entwurf ). There seems to be no place for the traditional notion of freedom. In spite of this impression, the author of Being and Time leaves us in no doubt that the notion of freedom in the sense of liberum arbitrium is inseparable from existential analytics. After the turn in Heidegger's thought, Being ( Sein ) is no longer thought from the position of a modern subjectivism transformed into Dasein. It is not we who think Be-ing ( Seyn ), but Be-ing itself thinks us. It is not we who are free, but Be-ing itself realizes its freedom through us.
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