{"title":"迈向更好、更健康的空气质量:基于世界卫生组织 2021 年新空气质量准则的全球 PM2.5 和 O3 污染状况与风险评估","authors":"Jianhua Liu, Chao He, Yajun Si, Bin Li, Qian Wu, Jinmian Ni, Yue Zhao, Qixin Hu, Shenwen Du, Zhendong Lu, Jiming Jin, Chao Xu","doi":"10.1002/gch2.202300258","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>To reduce the high burden of disease caused by air pollution, the World Health Organization (WHO) released new Air Quality Guidelines (AQG) on September 22, 2021. In this study, the daily fine particulate matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>) and surface ozone (O<sub>3</sub>) data of 618 cities around the world is collected from 2019 to 2022. Based on the new AQG, the number of attainment days for daily average concentrations of PM<sub>2.5</sub> (≤ 15 µg m<sup>−3</sup>) and O<sub>3</sub> (≤ 100 µg m<sup>−3</sup>) is approximately 10% and 90%, respectively. China and India exhibit a decreasing trend in the number of highly polluted days (> 75 µg m<sup>−3</sup>) for PM. Every year over 68% and 27% of cities in the world are exposed to harmful PM<sub>2.5</sub> (> 35 µg m<sup>−3</sup>) and O<sub>3</sub> (> 100 µg m<sup>−3</sup>) pollution, respectively. Combined with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), it is found that more than 35% of the world's cities face PM<sub>2.5</sub>-O<sub>3</sub> compound pollution. Furthermore, the exposure risks in these cities (China, India, etc.) are mainly categorized as “High Risk”, “Risk”, and “Stabilization”. In contrast, economically developed cities are mainly categorized as “High Safety”, “Safety”, and “Deep Stabilization.” These findings indicate that global implementation of the WHO's new AQG will minimize the inequitable exposure risk from air pollution.</p>","PeriodicalId":12646,"journal":{"name":"Global Challenges","volume":"8 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4000,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/gch2.202300258","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Toward Better and Healthier Air Quality: Global PM2.5 and O3 Pollution Status and Risk Assessment Based on the New WHO Air Quality Guidelines for 2021\",\"authors\":\"Jianhua Liu, Chao He, Yajun Si, Bin Li, Qian Wu, Jinmian Ni, Yue Zhao, Qixin Hu, Shenwen Du, Zhendong Lu, Jiming Jin, Chao Xu\",\"doi\":\"10.1002/gch2.202300258\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p>To reduce the high burden of disease caused by air pollution, the World Health Organization (WHO) released new Air Quality Guidelines (AQG) on September 22, 2021. In this study, the daily fine particulate matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>) and surface ozone (O<sub>3</sub>) data of 618 cities around the world is collected from 2019 to 2022. Based on the new AQG, the number of attainment days for daily average concentrations of PM<sub>2.5</sub> (≤ 15 µg m<sup>−3</sup>) and O<sub>3</sub> (≤ 100 µg m<sup>−3</sup>) is approximately 10% and 90%, respectively. China and India exhibit a decreasing trend in the number of highly polluted days (> 75 µg m<sup>−3</sup>) for PM. Every year over 68% and 27% of cities in the world are exposed to harmful PM<sub>2.5</sub> (> 35 µg m<sup>−3</sup>) and O<sub>3</sub> (> 100 µg m<sup>−3</sup>) pollution, respectively. Combined with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), it is found that more than 35% of the world's cities face PM<sub>2.5</sub>-O<sub>3</sub> compound pollution. Furthermore, the exposure risks in these cities (China, India, etc.) are mainly categorized as “High Risk”, “Risk”, and “Stabilization”. In contrast, economically developed cities are mainly categorized as “High Safety”, “Safety”, and “Deep Stabilization.” These findings indicate that global implementation of the WHO's new AQG will minimize the inequitable exposure risk from air pollution.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":12646,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Global Challenges\",\"volume\":\"8 4\",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":4.4000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-03-26\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/gch2.202300258\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Global Challenges\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"103\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/gch2.202300258\",\"RegionNum\":4,\"RegionCategory\":\"综合性期刊\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Global Challenges","FirstCategoryId":"103","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/gch2.202300258","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
Toward Better and Healthier Air Quality: Global PM2.5 and O3 Pollution Status and Risk Assessment Based on the New WHO Air Quality Guidelines for 2021
To reduce the high burden of disease caused by air pollution, the World Health Organization (WHO) released new Air Quality Guidelines (AQG) on September 22, 2021. In this study, the daily fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and surface ozone (O3) data of 618 cities around the world is collected from 2019 to 2022. Based on the new AQG, the number of attainment days for daily average concentrations of PM2.5 (≤ 15 µg m−3) and O3 (≤ 100 µg m−3) is approximately 10% and 90%, respectively. China and India exhibit a decreasing trend in the number of highly polluted days (> 75 µg m−3) for PM. Every year over 68% and 27% of cities in the world are exposed to harmful PM2.5 (> 35 µg m−3) and O3 (> 100 µg m−3) pollution, respectively. Combined with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), it is found that more than 35% of the world's cities face PM2.5-O3 compound pollution. Furthermore, the exposure risks in these cities (China, India, etc.) are mainly categorized as “High Risk”, “Risk”, and “Stabilization”. In contrast, economically developed cities are mainly categorized as “High Safety”, “Safety”, and “Deep Stabilization.” These findings indicate that global implementation of the WHO's new AQG will minimize the inequitable exposure risk from air pollution.