最近的黑洞没有发出 X 射线或无线电波以及对未来搜索的影响

IF 3.3 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific Pub Date : 2024-02-29 DOI:10.1088/1538-3873/ad228e
Antonio C. Rodriguez, Yvette Cendes, Kareem El-Badry, Edo Berger
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引用次数: 0

摘要

最近利用盖亚任务的天体测量发现了两个最近的已知恒星质量黑洞(BHs)--盖亚BH1和盖亚BH2。这两个天体是第一批不是通过X射线或引力波发现的恒星质量黑洞。这两个系统包含的 1 M⊙恒星的轨道都很宽(a ≈ 1.4 au, 4.96 au),围绕着 9 M⊙ BHs,两颗恒星(太阳型主序星,红巨星)分别位于 Gaia BH1 和 BH2 的罗氏裂片内。然而,预计这些BHs仍然会吸积恒星风,从而导致潜在的可探测到的X射线或射电辐射。在这里,我们将报告利用钱德拉X射线天文台、甚大阵(Gaia BH1)和MeerKAT(Gaia BH2)对这两个系统的观测结果。我们没有探测到这两个系统,因此盖亚 BH1 和 BH2 的 X 射线上限分别为 LX < 9.4 × 1028 和 LX < 4.0 × 1029 erg s-1,射电上限分别为 Lr < 1.6 × 1025 和 Lr < 1.0 × 1026 erg s-1。对于盖亚BH2来说,未探测到意味着地平线附近的吸积率远远低于邦迪吸积率,这与最近的热吸积流模型是一致的。我们讨论了这些未探测到的BH对更广泛的BH搜索的影响,得出的结论是:在不久的将来,不太可能通过星际介质吸积探测到孤立的BH。我们还利用恒星天体物理学实验模块(Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics)计算了双星未来的演化模型,发现 Gaia BH1 将在 5-50 Myr 内作为共生 BH X 射线双星可见。由于目前还没有已知的共生BH X射线双星,这意味着要么银河系中存在的类似盖亚BH1的双星少于104∼104个,要么它们很常见,但却躲过了探测。
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No X-Rays or Radio from the Nearest Black Holes and Implications for Future Searches
Astrometry from the Gaia mission was recently used to discover the two nearest known stellar-mass black holes (BHs), Gaia BH1 and Gaia BH2. These objects are among the first stellar-mass BHs not discovered via X-rays or gravitational waves. Both systems contain ∼1 M stars in wide orbits (a ≈ 1.4 au, 4.96 au) around ∼9 M BHs, with both stars (solar-type main sequence star, red giant) well within their Roche lobes in Gaia BH1 and BH2, respectively. However, the BHs are still expected to accrete stellar winds, leading to potentially detectable X-ray or radio emission. Here, we report observations of both systems with the Chandra X-ray Observatory, the Very Large Array (for Gaia BH1) and MeerKAT (for Gaia BH2). We did not detect either system, leading to X-ray upper limits of L X < 9.4 × 1028 and L X < 4.0 × 1029 erg s−1 and radio upper limits of L r < 1.6 × 1025 and L r < 1.0 × 1026 erg s−1 for Gaia BH1 and BH2, respectively. For Gaia BH2, the non-detection implies that the accretion rate near the horizon is much lower than the Bondi rate, consistent with recent models for hot accretion flows. We discuss implications of these non-detections for broader BH searches, concluding that it is unlikely that isolated BHs will be detected via interstellar medium accretion in the near future. We also calculate evolutionary models for the binaries’ future evolution using Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics, and find that Gaia BH1 will be visible as a symbiotic BH X-ray binary for 5–50 Myr. Since no symbiotic BH X-ray binaries are known, this implies either that fewer than ∼104 Gaia BH1-like binaries exist in the Milky Way, or that they are common but have evaded detection.
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来源期刊
Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific
Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific 地学天文-天文与天体物理
CiteScore
6.70
自引率
5.70%
发文量
103
审稿时长
4-8 weeks
期刊介绍: The Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific (PASP), the technical journal of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific (ASP), has been published regularly since 1889, and is an integral part of the ASP''s mission to advance the science of astronomy and disseminate astronomical information. The journal provides an outlet for astronomical results of a scientific nature and serves to keep readers in touch with current astronomical research. It contains refereed research and instrumentation articles, invited and contributed reviews, tutorials, and dissertation summaries.
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