环境变化的混合信号和不同森林类型地面植被生态同质化的趋势

IF 1 4区 生物学 Q3 PLANT SCIENCES Folia Geobotanica Pub Date : 2024-03-27 DOI:10.1007/s12224-024-09445-w
Janez Kermavnar, Lado Kutnar
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引用次数: 0

摘要

森林地面植被可作为监测全球人为变化对温带森林影响的预警系统。气候变暖可能会导致适应冷凉气候的物种减少,从而有利于更嗜热的植物。据记载,氮沉降可能会导致土壤富营养化或酸化,从而增加对养分需求较高的物种比例,并因竞争排斥而造成物种贫乏。非生物森林干扰正在改变林下环境的光照条件。在这项重新调查研究中,我们测试了十五年来斯洛文尼亚不同类型森林中森林地表植被的α(物种丰富度)和β(地表内差异性)多样性和组成的变化幅度和方向。利用植物衍生特征(艾伦伯格类型指标值),并通过检验有关环境驱动因素预期影响的先验预测,我们发现不同森林地点的森林地面植被多样性和植物学变化的幅度和方向差异很大。不同地点的不同反应导致阿尔法和贝塔多样性的净变化较低,整体环境信号较弱。在低地橡树-角梁森林中观察到的物种数量减少最多,这也是成分变化最大的地点之一。贝塔多样性的变化没有显示出任何一致的趋势,而且在考虑所有地点时,预期的植物趋同也没有得到证实。嗜热现象主要出现在山毛榉和高山云杉林中,而富营养化信号在营养贫乏的地点最为显著。植被的反应在很大程度上取决于最初的地点条件。生态梯度的缩小(生态同质化过程)表明,位于梯度两端的地点正在失去其原有的生态特征,而变得与梯度中间的地点更加相似,这些地点通常表现出较小的变化。我们的研究结果表明,当地林分动态和林间干扰对解释森林地面植被的时间趋势非常重要。斯洛文尼亚森林地面植被的变化方向也受到多种区域和全球变化驱动因素的影响。
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Mixed signals of environmental change and a trend towards ecological homogenization in ground vegetation across different forest types

Forest ground vegetation may serve as an early warning system for monitoring anthropogenic global-change impacts on temperate forests. Climate warming may induce a decline of cool-adapted species to the benefit of more thermophilous plants. Nitrogen deposition has been documented to potentially result in soil eutrophication or acidification, which can increase the proportion of species with higher nutrient requirements and species impoverishment caused by competitive exclusion. Abiotic forest disturbances are changing the light conditions in the forest understorey environment. In this resurvey study, we tested the magnitude and direction of change in alpha (species richness) and beta (within-site dissimilarity) diversity and composition of forest ground vegetation in forests of different types in Slovenia over fifteen years. Using plant-derived characteristics (Ellenberg-type indicator values) and by testing a priori predictions concerning expected effects of environmental drivers, we show that the magnitude and direction of forest ground vegetation diversity and floristic changes varies greatly between forest sites. Divergent responses at different sites resulted in low net change of alpha and beta diversity and a weak overall environmental signal. The largest decrease in species number was observed in lowland oak-hornbeam forests, which were also among the sites with the greatest compositional shifts. Changes in beta diversity did not show any consistent trend, and anticipated floristic convergence was not confirmed when all sites were considered. Thermophilization was mainly detected in montane beech sites and alpine spruce forests whereas eutrophication signal was most significant on nutrient-poor sites. Vegetation responses were strongly dependent on initial site conditions. Shrinkage of ecological gradients (process of ecological homogenization) suggests that sites positioned at the ends of the gradients are losing their original ecological character and are becoming more similar to mid-gradient sites that generally exhibit smaller changes. Our results point to the importance of local stand dynamics and overstorey disturbances in explaining the temporal trends in forest ground vegetation. Ground vegetation in Slovenian forests is changing in directions also dictated by multiple regional and global change drivers.

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来源期刊
Folia Geobotanica
Folia Geobotanica 生物-植物科学
CiteScore
2.40
自引率
0.00%
发文量
18
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: The journal Folia Geobotanica publishes articles in vegetation science, plant ecology and plant systematics, including the topics of temporal community patterns, population and ecosystem ecology, and invasion and conservation ecology. Within the field of plant systematics, Folia Geobotanica welcomes papers on systematic and evolutionary botany, including phylogenetic reconstructions, phylogeographic and biogeographic inferences, studies of microevolutionary processes, taxonomic studies, and broader taxonomic revisions.
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