利用大型食草动物骨胶原的稳定同位素追踪(13C、15N)研究旧石器时代上古时期中部丘陵地区的环境状况

IF 1.9 3区 地球科学 Q3 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL Journal of Quaternary Science Pub Date : 2024-03-28 DOI:10.1002/jqs.3617
Dorothée G. Drucker, Laure Fontana
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在法国南部中央丘陵的中海拔火山山区,人们对上旧石器时代后半期(约 28 000-15 000 cal bp)狩猎采集者所经历的环境条件知之甚少。大型食草动物骨骼胶原中碳和氮的稳定同位素比值(13C/12C 和 15N/14N,以 δ13C 和 δ15N 值表示)可以追踪它们的饮食和栖息地,反映当地的非生物条件(温度、干旱、海拔)。由于该地区骨骼有机物保存较差,因此对数量有限的质量受控胶原蛋白样本进行了新的放射性碳年代测定,碳含量最低为 30%。研究结果表明,在阿利埃河谷和卢瓦尔河谷的不同地区,分别出现了与最终格拉维蒂期、巴德古利安期和马格达莱纳期相对应的三个主要时期。随着时间的推移,在终格拉维特期(约 26 700-25 600 卡元前)、末次冰川极盛期前后和巴德古伦期(约 21 900-19 200 卡元前)之间,马的 δ15N 值(大型食草动物的最佳记录物种)有所下降,随后在马格达莱纳期(约 19 100-16 600 卡元前),δ15N 和 δ13C 值有所上升。在巴德古利安时期,马的δ15N值低于法国西南部的马,这证明了恶劣的气候条件有利于形成苔原地貌,这也反映在阿利埃河谷的马和驯鹿的δ13C值高于法国西南部的马和驯鹿的δ13C值。阿利埃河谷最后格拉维蒂狼的δ13C 值相对较高,而δ15N 值较低,这表明驯鹿是首选猎物,这与考古遗址中驯鹿的大量存在是一致的。与气候条件或石器资源相比,狩猎似乎是促使人类在上旧石器时代占据中部丘陵的原因。
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Environmental conditions in the Massif Central during the Upper Palaeolithic using stable isotope tracking (13C, 15N) of bone collagen from large herbivores

The environmental conditions experienced by hunter-gatherers during the second part of the Upper Palaeolithic (ca. 28 000–15 000 cal bp) are poorly known in the mid-elevation volcanic mountains of the Massif Central in southern France. The stable isotope ratios of carbon and nitrogen (13C/12C and 15N/14N expressed as δ13C and δ15N values) in bone collagen of large herbivores can track their diet and habitat, reflecting local abiotic conditions (temperature, aridity, altitude). Due to poor preservation of skeletal organic matter in the region, new radiocarbon dating was conducted on a limited number of quality-controlled collagen samples, based on a minimum carbon content of 30%. They document three main phases of occupation corresponding to the Final Gravettian, the Badegoulian and the Magdalenian, each of which is represented in different regions of the Allier and Loire valleys. Over time, a decrease in horse δ15N values, the best documented species of large herbivores, is found between the Final Gravettian (ca. 26 700–25 600 cal  bp), around the Last Glacial Maximum and the Badegoulian (ca. 21 900–19 200 cal  bp), followed by an increase in δ15N and δ13C values during the Magdalenian (ca. 19 100–16 600 cal  bp). During the Badegoulian, the δ15N values of the horses were lower than those of their counterparts in southwestern France, testifying to harsh climatic conditions favourable to a tundra-like landscape, also reflected in the higher horse and reindeer δ13C values in the Allier valley compared to those in southwestern France. The relatively high δ13C and low δ15N values of a Final Gravettian wolf from the Allier valley suggests reindeer as a preferred prey, in line with their high abundance in the archaeological sites. Game access, rather than climatic conditions or lithic resources, seems to have motivated human groups to occupy the Massif Central during the Upper Palaeolithic.

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来源期刊
Journal of Quaternary Science
Journal of Quaternary Science 地学-地球科学综合
CiteScore
4.70
自引率
8.70%
发文量
82
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: The Journal of Quaternary Science publishes original papers on any field of Quaternary research, and aims to promote a wider appreciation and deeper understanding of the earth''s history during the last 2.58 million years. Papers from a wide range of disciplines appear in JQS including, for example, Archaeology, Botany, Climatology, Geochemistry, Geochronology, Geology, Geomorphology, Geophysics, Glaciology, Limnology, Oceanography, Palaeoceanography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, Palaeontology, Soil Science and Zoology. The journal particularly welcomes papers reporting the results of interdisciplinary or multidisciplinary research which are of wide international interest to Quaternary scientists. Short communications and correspondence relating to views and information contained in JQS may also be considered for publication.
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