Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5c, between ~106 000 and ~93 000 years ago, represents an important warm period in which the current anthropogenic warming can be contextualized. Although viewed as a pronounced interstadial, its climate expression is regionally disparate, with different regions on Earth showing evidence of either cooler or warmer conditions than modern‐day. It is therefore important to expand temperature reconstructions to different regions on Earth to gain a better picture of climate dynamics during MIS 5c. In Alaska, there are no quantitative temperature reconstructions for MIS 5c, limiting our knowledge of temperature changes in this climatically sensitive high‐latitude region. Here, we fill this gap by providing the first quantitative temperature estimates from MIS 5c in Alaska using hydrogen isotopes of fluid inclusions in precisely dated speleothems. We find that regional temperatures during MIS 5c were within error of the modern‐day reference period (1929–1989 ce) temperatures, possibly representing the most recent time period that regional temperatures were as high as modern‐day.
海洋同位素阶段（MIS）5c 介于距今约 106 000 年至约 93 000 年之间，是一个重要的暖期，在这一时期，可以对当前的人为变暖进行分析。尽管这一时期被视为一个明显的间歇期，但其气候表现却因地区而异，地球上的不同地区都显示出比现代更冷或更暖的条件。因此，必须将温度重建扩展到地球上的不同地区，以更好地了解 MIS 5c 期间的气候动态。在阿拉斯加，MIS 5c 没有定量的温度重建，限制了我们对这一气候敏感的高纬度地区温度变化的了解。在这里，我们利用精确测定年代的岩浆中流体包裹体的氢同位素，首次对阿拉斯加 MIS 5c 期间的温度进行了定量估算，从而填补了这一空白。我们发现，MIS 5c 期间的地区温度与现代参照期（公元 1929-1989 年）的温度误差不大，这可能代表了地区温度与现代一样高的最近时期。
{"title":"A temperature snapshot from MIS 5c in southeastern Alaska","authors":"PAUL S. Wilcox, Christoph Spötl, R.L. Edwards","doi":"10.1002/jqs.3652","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.3652","url":null,"abstract":"Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5c, between ~106 000 and ~93 000 years ago, represents an important warm period in which the current anthropogenic warming can be contextualized. Although viewed as a pronounced interstadial, its climate expression is regionally disparate, with different regions on Earth showing evidence of either cooler or warmer conditions than modern‐day. It is therefore important to expand temperature reconstructions to different regions on Earth to gain a better picture of climate dynamics during MIS 5c. In Alaska, there are no quantitative temperature reconstructions for MIS 5c, limiting our knowledge of temperature changes in this climatically sensitive high‐latitude region. Here, we fill this gap by providing the first quantitative temperature estimates from MIS 5c in Alaska using hydrogen isotopes of fluid inclusions in precisely dated speleothems. We find that regional temperatures during MIS 5c were within error of the modern‐day reference period (1929–1989 <jats:sc>ce</jats:sc>) temperatures, possibly representing the most recent time period that regional temperatures were as high as modern‐day.","PeriodicalId":16929,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Quaternary Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142181450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bernd Zolitschka, Frank Preusser, Junjie Zhang, Ines Hogrefe, Nikolaus Froitzheim, Philipp Böning, Patrick Schläfli, Felix Bittmann, Franz Binot, Manfred Frechen
The stratigraphy and dating of lacustrine sediments and loess derivatives from Rodderberg, a crater of the East Eifel Volcanic Field in Germany, is based on luminescence dating and incorporates radiocarbon ages, fingerprinting of key tephra layers of the East Eifel Volcanic Field (Rieden Tephra, Hüttenberg Tephra, Laacher See Tephra), pollen stratigraphy, varve counting data, and a correlative age–depth model. These methods yield a robust age–depth model for the last 258 ka. Beyond this, luminescence ages differ from tephra‐derived ages. In light of the apparent presence of the Rieden Tephra, the lowermost interglacial is assigned to Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 11 or 420 ka. This provides a high‐resolution record of environmental conditions representing an analogue for the Holocene, characterized by a warming planet. However, new luminescence ages may indicate a younger age for basal sediments, with the lowermost interglacial representing MIS 9. Both age–depth models constrain regional environmental changes during the Middle Pleistocene controlled by global climate variations. For the hydrologically closed nature of the Rodderberg crater, with limited pathways for sediment inflow and erosional export, these results shed new light on the continuity of long Middle Pleistocene records.
德国东埃菲尔火山场罗德贝格火山口的湖相沉积物和黄土衍生物的地层学和测年方法以发光测年为基础，并结合了放射性碳年龄、东埃菲尔火山场主要表岩层（里登表岩层、胡特滕贝格表岩层、拉赫尔西表岩层）的指纹图谱、花粉地层学、变粒计数数据和相关年龄深度模型。这些方法为过去 258 ka 年建立了一个可靠的年龄深度模型。除此以外，发光年龄与来自于凝灰岩的年龄有所不同。鉴于里登坑石的明显存在，最下一个间冰期被定为海洋同位素阶段（MIS）11 或 420 ka。这提供了环境条件的高分辨率记录，代表了以地球变暖为特征的全新世。然而，新的发光年龄可能表明基底沉积物的年龄更小，最下一个间冰期代表 MIS 9。两种年龄-深度模型都制约了中更新世期间受全球气候变化控制的区域环境变化。由于罗德贝格陨石坑水文封闭，沉积物流入和侵蚀输出的途径有限，这些结果为中更新世漫长记录的连续性提供了新的启示。
{"title":"Stratigraphy and dating of Middle Pleistocene sediments from Rodderberg, Germany","authors":"Bernd Zolitschka, Frank Preusser, Junjie Zhang, Ines Hogrefe, Nikolaus Froitzheim, Philipp Böning, Patrick Schläfli, Felix Bittmann, Franz Binot, Manfred Frechen","doi":"10.1002/jqs.3654","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.3654","url":null,"abstract":"The stratigraphy and dating of lacustrine sediments and loess derivatives from Rodderberg, a crater of the East Eifel Volcanic Field in Germany, is based on luminescence dating and incorporates radiocarbon ages, fingerprinting of key tephra layers of the East Eifel Volcanic Field (Rieden Tephra, Hüttenberg Tephra, Laacher See Tephra), pollen stratigraphy, varve counting data, and a correlative age–depth model. These methods yield a robust age–depth model for the last 258 ka. Beyond this, luminescence ages differ from tephra‐derived ages. In light of the apparent presence of the Rieden Tephra, the lowermost interglacial is assigned to Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 11 or 420 ka. This provides a high‐resolution record of environmental conditions representing an analogue for the Holocene, characterized by a warming planet. However, new luminescence ages may indicate a younger age for basal sediments, with the lowermost interglacial representing MIS 9. Both age–depth models constrain regional environmental changes during the Middle Pleistocene controlled by global climate variations. For the hydrologically closed nature of the Rodderberg crater, with limited pathways for sediment inflow and erosional export, these results shed new light on the continuity of long Middle Pleistocene records.","PeriodicalId":16929,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Quaternary Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142181451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Grotta Polesini is one of the most famous paleontological and archaeological sites of central Italy, which testifies to its human occupation during the Lateglacial. The site comprises a cave system where systematic excavation campaigns have been carried out since the 1950s. In 1974, 656 mammal remains were collected but never studied. This fossil collection is here described for the first time through taxonomic and stable isotope analyses of the enamel of selected mammal teeth. The aim is to reconstruct the paleoenvironmental and climatic conditions of the site and to offer new information on terrestrial ecosystems during the Lateglacial in central Italy. The faunal assemblage studied herein, in addition to other species reported in previous works, suggests cold climate conditions. We also describe a right radius of an adult individual of Homo sapiens, increasing the human fossil record of the site. Carbon isotope data point to a scenario dominated by C3 plants in open and dry habitats, such as grasslands and steppes, in accordance with the pollen data from central Italy. The oxygen isotope data suggest the use of water resources with a local origin, i.e. local precipitation and surface waters with a provenance from the nearby Apennine chain. The ecology of the taxa influenced the oxygen isotope values, especially in the case of semi‐obligate to non‐obligate drinker species.
{"title":"Taxonomic and stable isotope analyses of mammal remains from the Lateglacial site of Grotta Polesini (central Italy): Paleoenviromental implications","authors":"Francesca Giustini, Alessio Iannucci, Giovanni Porcelli, Ileana Micarelli, Mauro Brilli, Raffaele Sardella, Beniamino Mecozzi","doi":"10.1002/jqs.3655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.3655","url":null,"abstract":"Grotta Polesini is one of the most famous paleontological and archaeological sites of central Italy, which testifies to its human occupation during the Lateglacial. The site comprises a cave system where systematic excavation campaigns have been carried out since the 1950s. In 1974, 656 mammal remains were collected but never studied. This fossil collection is here described for the first time through taxonomic and stable isotope analyses of the enamel of selected mammal teeth. The aim is to reconstruct the paleoenvironmental and climatic conditions of the site and to offer new information on terrestrial ecosystems during the Lateglacial in central Italy. The faunal assemblage studied herein, in addition to other species reported in previous works, suggests cold climate conditions. We also describe a right radius of an adult individual of <jats:italic>Homo sapiens</jats:italic>, increasing the human fossil record of the site. Carbon isotope data point to a scenario dominated by C3 plants in open and dry habitats, such as grasslands and steppes, in accordance with the pollen data from central Italy. The oxygen isotope data suggest the use of water resources with a local origin, i.e. local precipitation and surface waters with a provenance from the nearby Apennine chain. The ecology of the taxa influenced the oxygen isotope values, especially in the case of semi‐obligate to non‐obligate drinker species.","PeriodicalId":16929,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Quaternary Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142181461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Richard Lyons, Stephen Tooth, Geoff A. T. Duller, Terence McCarthy
Soil erosion across South Africa's drylands occurs widely in the form of gullies and badlands (locally termed dongas) that have developed in colluvium and in valley fills along incised rivers. This erosion has commonly been attributed to land mismanagement, particularly since European settlement, but natural factors such as soil properties, local base level fall and climate change have also been invoked. To disentangle human and natural factors, we use optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating, supported by documentary and archaeological evidence, to constrain the timing and causes of donga formation at three widely spaced sites across interior South Africa. At all three sites, the exposed stratigraphy indicates that hillslopes and floodplains underwent net sediment accumulation during most of the late Quaternary, and that present‐day deep erosion is of a magnitude unprecedented probably within at least the past 100 ka. OSL ages indicate that the onset of erosion at each site significantly pre‐dates European incursion and instead was broadly coincident with abrupt climatic changes that occurred during the Medieval Climatic Anomaly (MCA, ~ad 900–1300) and Little Ice Age (LIA, ~ ad 1300–1800). Based on correlation with palaeoclimate proxy records, we propose that erosion was triggered by abrupt hydroclimatic oscillations during the MCA, and continued during the LIA in response to climate‐driven, large floods. At these sites, soil type and local base level falls exert secondary controls on the specific locations, processes, rates and depths of erosion. In other areas of South Africa, clear links between land mismanagement and soil erosion have been demonstrated, but for sites where detailed investigations have yet to be undertaken, these findings challenge an often default assumption that soil erosion is necessarily attributable to human factors. Our findings have significant implications for soil erosion control strategies and assessment of South African dryland landscape response to future climate changes.
南非旱地的水土流失主要表现为冲积层中形成的沟壑和坏地（当地人称之为 dongas），以及沿切割河流形成的河谷填土。这种侵蚀通常被归咎于土地管理不善，尤其是自欧洲人定居以来，但也有援引自然因素的，如土壤特性、当地基面下降和气候变化。为了将人为因素和自然因素区分开来，我们在文献和考古证据的支持下，利用光激发发光（OSL）测年法，对南非内陆地区三个间距较大的地点的唐加形成时间和原因进行了限制。在所有三个地点，裸露的地层表明，山坡和洪泛平原在第四纪晚期的大部分时间里都经历了净沉积物的积累，而目前的深度侵蚀程度可能是至少在过去 100 ka 年内前所未有的。OSL 年龄显示，每个地点的侵蚀开始时间大大早于欧洲入侵时间，而是与中世纪气候异常（MCA，约公元 900-1300 年）和小冰河时期（LIA，约公元 1300-1800 年）发生的气候突变基本吻合。根据与古气候代用记录的相关性，我们认为侵蚀是由中世纪气候异常时期突然的水文气候振荡引发的，并在小冰河时期因气候驱动的大洪水而持续。在这些地点，土壤类型和当地的基面下降对侵蚀的具体位置、过程、速率和深度起着次要的控制作用。在南非的其他地区，土地管理不善与土壤侵蚀之间的明显联系已经得到证实，但对于那些尚未进行详细调查的地点，这些发现对人们通常默认的土壤侵蚀必然归因于人为因素的假设提出了挑战。我们的研究结果对土壤侵蚀控制策略和南非旱地景观应对未来气候变化的评估具有重要意义。
{"title":"Are human activities or climate changes the main causes of soil erosion in the South African drylands?: A palaeo‐perspective from three sites in the interior","authors":"Richard Lyons, Stephen Tooth, Geoff A. T. Duller, Terence McCarthy","doi":"10.1002/jqs.3651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.3651","url":null,"abstract":"Soil erosion across South Africa's drylands occurs widely in the form of gullies and badlands (locally termed dongas) that have developed in colluvium and in valley fills along incised rivers. This erosion has commonly been attributed to land mismanagement, particularly since European settlement, but natural factors such as soil properties, local base level fall and climate change have also been invoked. To disentangle human and natural factors, we use optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating, supported by documentary and archaeological evidence, to constrain the timing and causes of donga formation at three widely spaced sites across interior South Africa. At all three sites, the exposed stratigraphy indicates that hillslopes and floodplains underwent net sediment accumulation during most of the late Quaternary, and that present‐day deep erosion is of a magnitude unprecedented probably within at least the past 100 ka. OSL ages indicate that the onset of erosion at each site significantly pre‐dates European incursion and instead was broadly coincident with abrupt climatic changes that occurred during the Medieval Climatic Anomaly (MCA, ~<jats:sc>ad</jats:sc> 900–1300) and Little Ice Age (LIA, ~ <jats:sc>ad</jats:sc> 1300–1800). Based on correlation with palaeoclimate proxy records, we propose that erosion was triggered by abrupt hydroclimatic oscillations during the MCA, and continued during the LIA in response to climate‐driven, large floods. At these sites, soil type and local base level falls exert secondary controls on the specific locations, processes, rates and depths of erosion. In other areas of South Africa, clear links between land mismanagement and soil erosion have been demonstrated, but for sites where detailed investigations have yet to be undertaken, these findings challenge an often default assumption that soil erosion is necessarily attributable to human factors. Our findings have significant implications for soil erosion control strategies and assessment of South African dryland landscape response to future climate changes.","PeriodicalId":16929,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Quaternary Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142181452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Fernandez Pacella, J. Baez, A. Crisafulli, M. Roig, M. Di Pasquo, C.A. Luna, I. Fagúndez, M. Martinez, P. Cuaranta
The concept of seasonal forests groups structural types of vegetation that are related to climatic seasonality in the tropics of South America. Consequently, this determines the physiognomy of the vegetation, from semi‐deciduous to strongly deciduous. The strongest link between seasonally dry tropical forests (SDTFs) is their floristic composition, where Leguminosae and Anacardiaceae dominate the woody flora. The fossil records of the Neogene of northwestern Argentina reveal a list of species found in various locations and formations of the Miocene–Lower Pleistocene obtained from studies of pollen, woods (logs), cuticles, impressions of leaves and fruits. The analysis of sediments and woody structures from the Tapebicuá, Toropí/Yupoí and El Palmar Formations (Upper Pleistocene) of the Mesopotamia region allowed us to identify several pollen taxa and silicified wood fragments (mineralized). The woody and shrubby association whose current relatives characterize the SDTF is composed of the 16 fossil species described here belonging to seven families. In our samples, Anadenanthera colubrina and Myracrodruon balansae are the most significant members of the families Leguminosae and Anacardiaceae, which are dominant in the SDTF. The paleobotanical species described in this study confirm the extension of the SDTF to the province of Corrientes, coinciding with various climatic events (dry subtropical, semi‐desert and warm‐humid climate) that would have favored the development of these forests during the Pleistocene in this region. The absolute dates obtained for the Toropí/Yupoí and Tapebicuá Formations confirm their synchronicity and correlation to Marine Isotope Stage 5. The palynological analysis, the presence of Menendoxylon and the sedimentological data allow us to infer the existence of a seasonally dry humid paleoclimate in northeastern Argentina during the Late Pleistocene favorable to the development of the SDTF.
{"title":"Seasonally dry tropical forests in the late Pleistocene of Mesopotamia, Argentina and their relationship to environmental changes during the Last Interglacial","authors":"L. Fernandez Pacella, J. Baez, A. Crisafulli, M. Roig, M. Di Pasquo, C.A. Luna, I. Fagúndez, M. Martinez, P. Cuaranta","doi":"10.1002/jqs.3650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.3650","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of seasonal forests groups structural types of vegetation that are related to climatic seasonality in the tropics of South America. Consequently, this determines the physiognomy of the vegetation, from semi‐deciduous to strongly deciduous. The strongest link between seasonally dry tropical forests (SDTFs) is their floristic composition, where Leguminosae and Anacardiaceae dominate the woody flora. The fossil records of the Neogene of northwestern Argentina reveal a list of species found in various locations and formations of the Miocene–Lower Pleistocene obtained from studies of pollen, woods (logs), cuticles, impressions of leaves and fruits. The analysis of sediments and woody structures from the Tapebicuá, Toropí/Yupoí and El Palmar Formations (Upper Pleistocene) of the Mesopotamia region allowed us to identify several pollen taxa and silicified wood fragments (mineralized). The woody and shrubby association whose current relatives characterize the SDTF is composed of the 16 fossil species described here belonging to seven families. In our samples, <jats:italic>Anadenanthera colubrina</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Myracrodruon balansae</jats:italic> are the most significant members of the families Leguminosae and Anacardiaceae, which are dominant in the SDTF. The paleobotanical species described in this study confirm the extension of the SDTF to the province of Corrientes, coinciding with various climatic events (dry subtropical, semi‐desert and warm‐humid climate) that would have favored the development of these forests during the Pleistocene in this region. The absolute dates obtained for the Toropí/Yupoí and Tapebicuá Formations confirm their synchronicity and correlation to Marine Isotope Stage 5. The palynological analysis, the presence of <jats:italic>Menendoxylon</jats:italic> and the sedimentological data allow us to infer the existence of a seasonally dry humid paleoclimate in northeastern Argentina during the Late Pleistocene favorable to the development of the SDTF.","PeriodicalId":16929,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Quaternary Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141883633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AMY M. MCGUIRE, IRENE M. WAAJEN, NATASHA L.M. BARLOW
Studies of the Last Interglacial (ca. 129 to 116 ka BP) provide an opportunity to study the impact of high‐latitude warm temperatures on the Earth system. To build an accurate spatio‐temporal picture of climate and environmental variability during the Last Interglacial, building robust chronologies, through which the patchwork of terrestrial, marine, and ice core archives can be correlated, is paramount. In this review, we briefly evaluate the most common approaches used to date climate and environmental archives from the Last Interglacial, as well as the chronostratigraphic tools available for direct correlation between sequences, with a focus on terrestrial archives. We then present a case study on the use of pollen biostratigraphy for correlating sequences in NW Europe, highlighting its strength as a local correlation tool, and the challenges this approach presents in comparing sequences to global records of climate and environmental change. A move towards consistently dated sequences will improve our understanding of environmental responses to Last Interglacial climate variability across different elements of the global climate system and the rates at which different elements of the climate system respond to changes in global temperatures.
对末次冰期（约公元前 129 至 116 ka 年）的研究为研究高纬度暖温对地球系统的影响提供了机会。要准确描述末次冰期气候和环境变异的时空图景，最重要的是建立健全的年代学，通过这些年代学可以将陆地、海洋和冰芯档案联系起来。在这篇综述中，我们简要评估了用于确定末次冰期气候和环境档案日期的最常用方法，以及用于序列间直接关联的年代地层学工具，重点是陆地档案。然后，我们介绍了利用花粉生物地层学对西北欧序列进行关联的案例研究，强调了花粉生物地层学作为地方关联工具的优势，以及这种方法在将序列与全球气候和环境变化记录进行比较时所面临的挑战。采用年代一致的序列将使我们更好地了解全球气候系统不同要素对末次冰期气候变异的环境反应，以及气候系统不同要素对全球温度变化的反应速度。
{"title":"Advancing chronologies for Last Interglacial sequences","authors":"AMY M. MCGUIRE, IRENE M. WAAJEN, NATASHA L.M. BARLOW","doi":"10.1002/jqs.3641","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.3641","url":null,"abstract":"Studies of the Last Interglacial (ca. 129 to 116 ka BP) provide an opportunity to study the impact of high‐latitude warm temperatures on the Earth system. To build an accurate spatio‐temporal picture of climate and environmental variability during the Last Interglacial, building robust chronologies, through which the patchwork of terrestrial, marine, and ice core archives can be correlated, is paramount. In this review, we briefly evaluate the most common approaches used to date climate and environmental archives from the Last Interglacial, as well as the chronostratigraphic tools available for direct correlation between sequences, with a focus on terrestrial archives. We then present a case study on the use of pollen biostratigraphy for correlating sequences in NW Europe, highlighting its strength as a local correlation tool, and the challenges this approach presents in comparing sequences to global records of climate and environmental change. A move towards consistently dated sequences will improve our understanding of environmental responses to Last Interglacial climate variability across different elements of the global climate system and the rates at which different elements of the climate system respond to changes in global temperatures.","PeriodicalId":16929,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Quaternary Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141866855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
KHALED S. Sinoussy, Hiroshi Naraoka, Osamu Seki, MAHMOUD A. Hassaan, Yusuke Okazaki
Hydroclimate variation and vegetation changes of the Nile River watershed area in northeast Africa since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) were reconstructed based on n‐alkanes, their carbon isotope ratios (δ13Cn‐alkanes), and their hydrogen isotope ratios (δ2Hn‐alkanes) in sediments from ODP Site 967 in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea. The results were compared with the present vegetation cover in the watershed areas using ArcGIS. The average proportion of current grassland in the Equatorial Lake and Ethiopian Highland Plateaus watershed areas was 45.8 and 64.7%, respectively. δ2Hn‐alkanes ranged from −199 to −127‰ and co‐varied with insolation change response to orbital forcing. Depleted δ2Hn‐alkanes were found from deglaciation to the middle Holocene, suggesting increased precipitation during the African Humid Period (AHP) from 15 to 5 ka caused by northward migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone. However, lower precipitation was inferred by enriched δ2Hn‐alkanes during the LGM and late Holocene. δ13Cn‐alkanes at Site 967 did not show a trend in harmony with δ2Hn‐alkanes and instead exhibited millennial‐scale variations ranging from –25.9 to –33.2‰. These δ13Cn‐alkanes values consistently indicated a C4 grass‐dominated environment in the watershed areas of the River Nile since the LGM, persisting through the AHP and into the present. Reconstructions demonstrated orbital and abrupt forcing of hydroclimate variability while maintaining generally grass‐dominated vegetation with weak precipitation feedback over the late Quaternary.
{"title":"Hydrological and vegetation changes in North Africa over the past 23 000 years: a comparative study of watershed areas of the Nile River using remote sensing and compound‐specific δ2H and δ13C from the Eastern Mediterranean Sea","authors":"KHALED S. Sinoussy, Hiroshi Naraoka, Osamu Seki, MAHMOUD A. Hassaan, Yusuke Okazaki","doi":"10.1002/jqs.3649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.3649","url":null,"abstract":"Hydroclimate variation and vegetation changes of the Nile River watershed area in northeast Africa since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) were reconstructed based on n‐alkanes, their carbon isotope ratios (δ<jats:sup>13</jats:sup>C<jats:sub>n‐alkanes</jats:sub>), and their hydrogen isotope ratios (δ<jats:sup>2</jats:sup>H<jats:sub>n‐alkanes</jats:sub>) in sediments from ODP Site 967 in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea. The results were compared with the present vegetation cover in the watershed areas using ArcGIS. The average proportion of current grassland in the Equatorial Lake and Ethiopian Highland Plateaus watershed areas was 45.8 and 64.7%, respectively. δ<jats:sup>2</jats:sup>H<jats:sub>n‐alkanes</jats:sub> ranged from −199 to −127‰ and co‐varied with insolation change response to orbital forcing. Depleted δ<jats:sup>2</jats:sup>H<jats:sub>n‐alkanes</jats:sub> were found from deglaciation to the middle Holocene, suggesting increased precipitation during the African Humid Period (AHP) from 15 to 5 ka caused by northward migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone. However, lower precipitation was inferred by enriched δ<jats:sup>2</jats:sup>H<jats:sub>n‐alkanes</jats:sub> during the LGM and late Holocene. δ<jats:sup>13</jats:sup>C<jats:sub>n‐alkanes</jats:sub> at Site 967 did not show a trend in harmony with δ<jats:sup>2</jats:sup>H<jats:sub>n‐alkanes</jats:sub> and instead exhibited millennial‐scale variations ranging from –25.9 to –33.2‰. These δ<jats:sup>13</jats:sup>C<jats:sub>n‐alkanes</jats:sub> values consistently indicated a C4 grass‐dominated environment in the watershed areas of the River Nile since the LGM, persisting through the AHP and into the present. Reconstructions demonstrated orbital and abrupt forcing of hydroclimate variability while maintaining generally grass‐dominated vegetation with weak precipitation feedback over the late Quaternary.","PeriodicalId":16929,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Quaternary Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141771732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Irene M. Waajen, Francien Peterse, Frank P. Wesselingh, Freek S. Busschers, Friederike Wagner-Cremer, Sytze van Heteren, Timme H. Donders
The Late Pleistocene Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5 – MIS 4 transition (at ca. 75 ka) is globally known to correspond to a period of strong cooling and sea-level lowering. Terrestrial records indicate the transition had a large impact on terrestrial environments, but the impact on coastal and shallow-marine areas is poorly documented due to a lack of well-dated, continuous archives caused by erosion during succeeding glacial lowstands. The extensive offshore deposits of the Brown Bank Formation in the southern North Sea yield a valuable record of this transition in a shallow-marine environment. We show that the southern North Sea experienced subarctic marine conditions with a high input of terrestrial material during the MIS 5–4 transition. These continued marine conditions, which have not been described earlier for northwestern Europe, show that sea level remained relatively high, and lagged cooling on land inferred from lipid-biomarker palaeothermometry. The time-lag between terrestrial cooling and sea-level fall created a sediment preservation window during the onset of MIS 4 in a shallow-marine environment. Our record captures changes in both the terrestrial and shallow-marine environments, and allows for linking terrestrial and marine records of the MIS 5–4 transition in NW Europe.
晚更新世海洋同位素阶段（MIS）5 - MIS 4 过渡期（约 75 ka）是全球已知的强冷却和海平面下降时期。陆地记录表明，这一转变对陆地环境产生了巨大影响，但对沿海和浅海地区的影响却没有很好的记录，原因是在随后的冰川低潮期，由于侵蚀作用，缺乏年代久远的连续档案。北海南部布朗库地层的大量近海沉积为浅海环境中的这一转变提供了宝贵的记录。我们的研究表明，在 MIS 5-4 过渡期间，北海南部经历了亚北极海洋条件，并有大量陆地物质输入。这些持续的海洋条件在欧洲西北部还没有被描述过，它们表明海平面仍然相对较高，并且滞后于根据脂质生物标记古温度测定推断的陆地降温。陆地降温与海平面下降之间的时间差在 MIS 4 开始期间的浅海环境中创造了一个沉积物保存窗口。我们的记录捕捉到了陆地和浅海环境的变化，可以将欧洲西北部 MIS 5-4 过渡期的陆地和海洋记录联系起来。
{"title":"Marine and terrestrial environmental change during the MIS 5–4 transition (southern North Sea area)","authors":"Irene M. Waajen, Francien Peterse, Frank P. Wesselingh, Freek S. Busschers, Friederike Wagner-Cremer, Sytze van Heteren, Timme H. Donders","doi":"10.1002/jqs.3647","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jqs.3647","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Late Pleistocene Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5 – MIS 4 transition (at ca. 75 ka) is globally known to correspond to a period of strong cooling and sea-level lowering. Terrestrial records indicate the transition had a large impact on terrestrial environments, but the impact on coastal and shallow-marine areas is poorly documented due to a lack of well-dated, continuous archives caused by erosion during succeeding glacial lowstands. The extensive offshore deposits of the Brown Bank Formation in the southern North Sea yield a valuable record of this transition in a shallow-marine environment. We show that the southern North Sea experienced subarctic marine conditions with a high input of terrestrial material during the MIS 5–4 transition. These continued marine conditions, which have not been described earlier for northwestern Europe, show that sea level remained relatively high, and lagged cooling on land inferred from lipid-biomarker palaeothermometry. The time-lag between terrestrial cooling and sea-level fall created a sediment preservation window during the onset of MIS 4 in a shallow-marine environment. Our record captures changes in both the terrestrial and shallow-marine environments, and allows for linking terrestrial and marine records of the MIS 5–4 transition in NW Europe.</p>","PeriodicalId":16929,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Quaternary Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jqs.3647","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141740919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Laura Sánchez‐Romero, Jorge Martínez‐Moreno, Alfonso Benito‐Calvo, Javier Sánchez‐Martínez, Rafael Mora Torcal
The Early Upper Paleolithic Level 497D of Cova Gran (Pre‐Pyrenees, Spain) comprises large assemblages of lithics, fauna, hearths, ash accumulations and well‐preserved refitting sequences. This provides exceptional information to analyze spatial patterns and deepen our understanding of the socio‐economic behavior of these human groups. This large interdisciplinary dataset has allowed us to carry out a detailed spatial study based on density analysis, geostatistics, fabric analysis and orientation techniques, revealing a structuring of the activities performed within the rock shelter. The distribution and accumulation of lithic artifacts, fauna and refits, and their association with the 10 hearths and ash accumulations, show that different types of activities were developed at the site, as well as showing the different uses of the hearths. 497D is a palimpsest where several short‐term occupations and/or activities could have occurred in a relatively short period of time, avoiding prolonged exposure to biotic and abiotic post‐depositional factors that could have significantly disturbed this well‐preserved assemblage. This level shows a place visited several times in relation to the development of specific activities, with movements throughout the landscape for the exploitation of local and regional resources, and less so its use as a domestic space. This implies that the central settlement, or dwelling space, would have been located somewhere other than Cova Gran.
科瓦格兰（西班牙前比利牛斯山）旧石器时代早期第 497D 层包括大量的石器、动物、炉灶、灰烬堆积和保存完好的改装序列。这为分析空间模式和加深我们对这些人类群体的社会经济行为的了解提供了特殊的信息。这一庞大的跨学科数据集使我们能够根据密度分析、地质统计学、结构分析和定位技术开展详细的空间研究，揭示岩洞内活动的结构。石器、动物和改装物的分布和堆积，以及它们与 10 个炉膛和灰烬堆积的关联，显示了遗址内不同类型的活动，也显示了炉膛的不同用途。497D 是一个拼版遗址，在相对较短的时间内可能发生过多次短期居住和/或活动，避免了长期暴露于沉积后的生物和非生物因素，这些因素可能会严重干扰这一保存完好的组合。这一层显示了一个与特定活动的发展有关的地方被多次造访，在整个地貌上的移动是为了开发当地和区域资源，而不是将其用作家庭空间。这意味着中心居住区或居住空间可能位于 Cova Gran 以外的其他地方。
{"title":"Not only domestic spaces: dismantling short‐term occupations in Level 497D of Cova Gran de Santa Linya (Pre‐Pyrenees, Spain)","authors":"Laura Sánchez‐Romero, Jorge Martínez‐Moreno, Alfonso Benito‐Calvo, Javier Sánchez‐Martínez, Rafael Mora Torcal","doi":"10.1002/jqs.3648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.3648","url":null,"abstract":"The Early Upper Paleolithic Level 497D of Cova Gran (Pre‐Pyrenees, Spain) comprises large assemblages of lithics, fauna, hearths, ash accumulations and well‐preserved refitting sequences. This provides exceptional information to analyze spatial patterns and deepen our understanding of the socio‐economic behavior of these human groups. This large interdisciplinary dataset has allowed us to carry out a detailed spatial study based on density analysis, geostatistics, fabric analysis and orientation techniques, revealing a structuring of the activities performed within the rock shelter. The distribution and accumulation of lithic artifacts, fauna and refits, and their association with the 10 hearths and ash accumulations, show that different types of activities were developed at the site, as well as showing the different uses of the hearths. 497D is a palimpsest where several short‐term occupations and/or activities could have occurred in a relatively short period of time, avoiding prolonged exposure to biotic and abiotic post‐depositional factors that could have significantly disturbed this well‐preserved assemblage. This level shows a place visited several times in relation to the development of specific activities, with movements throughout the landscape for the exploitation of local and regional resources, and less so its use as a domestic space. This implies that the central settlement, or dwelling space, would have been located somewhere other than Cova Gran.","PeriodicalId":16929,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Quaternary Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141740920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lucrezia Masci, Georgios C. Liakopoulos, Raphael Gromig, Elias Kolovos, Katerina Kouli, Matthias Moros, Laura Sadori, Alexander Sarantis, Philip Slavin, Jakub Sypiański, Georgios Vidras, Cristiano Vignola, Bernd Wagner, Adam Izdebski, Alessia Masi
The Lake Volvi area, part of the region of Macedonia (northern Greece), is a biodiversity hotspot, located in the central part of a major communication corridor connecting the western and eastern parts of the Balkans. The sediment succession from Lake Volvi is investigated here to provide a unique high‐resolution pollen and geochemical record for the last 2000 years combining palaeoecological and historical methods, implementing the concept of consilience. The palaeoecological data document the environmental dynamics since the occupation of the area by the Romans. The vegetation changes reveal the development of wetland habitats and the variations of the mixed deciduous oak and thermophilous–mesophilous forests, as well as cereal cultivation, grazing and arboriculture, whose intensity varied over time. Archaeological data are available for the 1st millennium ce, but detailed historical evidence becomes accessible from the 13th century ce onwards through Byzantine and Ottoman documents. Both historical and palaeoecological data indicate that the 16th century was the period of strongest population pressure on the environment of the Volvi region. However, for other periods, it is possible to observe disagreements between the proxies. We demonstrate that these contradictions can be resolved with a more complex understanding of the region's social–ecological dynamics.
{"title":"Consilience in practice: social–ecological dynamics of the Lake Volvi region (Greece) during the last two millennia","authors":"Lucrezia Masci, Georgios C. Liakopoulos, Raphael Gromig, Elias Kolovos, Katerina Kouli, Matthias Moros, Laura Sadori, Alexander Sarantis, Philip Slavin, Jakub Sypiański, Georgios Vidras, Cristiano Vignola, Bernd Wagner, Adam Izdebski, Alessia Masi","doi":"10.1002/jqs.3645","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.3645","url":null,"abstract":"The Lake Volvi area, part of the region of Macedonia (northern Greece), is a biodiversity hotspot, located in the central part of a major communication corridor connecting the western and eastern parts of the Balkans. The sediment succession from Lake Volvi is investigated here to provide a unique high‐resolution pollen and geochemical record for the last 2000 years combining palaeoecological and historical methods, implementing the concept of consilience. The palaeoecological data document the environmental dynamics since the occupation of the area by the Romans. The vegetation changes reveal the development of wetland habitats and the variations of the mixed deciduous oak and thermophilous–mesophilous forests, as well as cereal cultivation, grazing and arboriculture, whose intensity varied over time. Archaeological data are available for the 1st millennium <jats:sc>ce</jats:sc>, but detailed historical evidence becomes accessible from the 13th century <jats:sc>ce</jats:sc> onwards through Byzantine and Ottoman documents. Both historical and palaeoecological data indicate that the 16th century was the period of strongest population pressure on the environment of the Volvi region. However, for other periods, it is possible to observe disagreements between the proxies. We demonstrate that these contradictions can be resolved with a more complex understanding of the region's social–ecological dynamics.","PeriodicalId":16929,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Quaternary Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141612503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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