Ting Fang, Sukriti Kapur, Kasey C. Edwards, Hiroyuki Hagino, Lisa M. Wingen, Véronique Perraud, Adam E. Thomas, Bishop Bliss, David A. Herman, Andrea De Vizcaya Ruiz, Michael T. Kleinman, James N. Smith and Manabu Shiraiwa*,
{"title":"制动磨损颗粒产生的水性 OH 自由基","authors":"Ting Fang, Sukriti Kapur, Kasey C. Edwards, Hiroyuki Hagino, Lisa M. Wingen, Véronique Perraud, Adam E. Thomas, Bishop Bliss, David A. Herman, Andrea De Vizcaya Ruiz, Michael T. Kleinman, James N. Smith and Manabu Shiraiwa*, ","doi":"10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00066","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p >Particulate matter (PM) emitted from road traffic causes adverse health effects upon inhalation and respiratory deposition. Non-exhaust emissions will eventually become the dominant source of traffic PM upon transition to electric vehicles; however, non-tailpipe PM is currently unregulated as its health impacts are still unclear. In this study, we generated brake wear particles (BWPs) with non-asbestos organic, ceramic, and semimetallic brake pads using custom dynamometers and measured aqueous-phase formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). We found that BWPs do not contain environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs), and all types of BWPs generate exclusively ·OH radicals in water. BWPs generated by ceramic and semimetallic brakes during heavier braking lead to higher ·OH yields compared to gentle braking conditions, suggesting higher ·OH formation potential from ultrafine BWPs. Chemical characterization reveals that organic and elemental carbon correlated positively with ·OH formation while exhibiting negative correlations with abundant metals including Fe and Mn. We suggest that the source of ·OH is thermal decomposition of organic hydroperoxides derived from phenolic resin. PM oxidative potential quantified with the dithiothreitol (DTT) assay exhibited a positive correlation with the ·OH yield. These results provide critical insights into the toxicity and adverse health effects of BWPs.</p>","PeriodicalId":37,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science & Technology Letters Environ.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.9000,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00066","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Aqueous OH Radical Production by Brake Wear Particles\",\"authors\":\"Ting Fang, Sukriti Kapur, Kasey C. Edwards, Hiroyuki Hagino, Lisa M. Wingen, Véronique Perraud, Adam E. Thomas, Bishop Bliss, David A. Herman, Andrea De Vizcaya Ruiz, Michael T. Kleinman, James N. Smith and Manabu Shiraiwa*, \",\"doi\":\"10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00066\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p >Particulate matter (PM) emitted from road traffic causes adverse health effects upon inhalation and respiratory deposition. Non-exhaust emissions will eventually become the dominant source of traffic PM upon transition to electric vehicles; however, non-tailpipe PM is currently unregulated as its health impacts are still unclear. In this study, we generated brake wear particles (BWPs) with non-asbestos organic, ceramic, and semimetallic brake pads using custom dynamometers and measured aqueous-phase formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). We found that BWPs do not contain environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs), and all types of BWPs generate exclusively ·OH radicals in water. BWPs generated by ceramic and semimetallic brakes during heavier braking lead to higher ·OH yields compared to gentle braking conditions, suggesting higher ·OH formation potential from ultrafine BWPs. Chemical characterization reveals that organic and elemental carbon correlated positively with ·OH formation while exhibiting negative correlations with abundant metals including Fe and Mn. We suggest that the source of ·OH is thermal decomposition of organic hydroperoxides derived from phenolic resin. PM oxidative potential quantified with the dithiothreitol (DTT) assay exhibited a positive correlation with the ·OH yield. These results provide critical insights into the toxicity and adverse health effects of BWPs.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":37,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Environmental Science & Technology Letters Environ.\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":8.9000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-03-25\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00066\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Environmental Science & Technology Letters Environ.\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00066\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"环境科学与生态学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Environmental Science & Technology Letters Environ.","FirstCategoryId":"1","ListUrlMain":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00066","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
Aqueous OH Radical Production by Brake Wear Particles
Particulate matter (PM) emitted from road traffic causes adverse health effects upon inhalation and respiratory deposition. Non-exhaust emissions will eventually become the dominant source of traffic PM upon transition to electric vehicles; however, non-tailpipe PM is currently unregulated as its health impacts are still unclear. In this study, we generated brake wear particles (BWPs) with non-asbestos organic, ceramic, and semimetallic brake pads using custom dynamometers and measured aqueous-phase formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). We found that BWPs do not contain environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs), and all types of BWPs generate exclusively ·OH radicals in water. BWPs generated by ceramic and semimetallic brakes during heavier braking lead to higher ·OH yields compared to gentle braking conditions, suggesting higher ·OH formation potential from ultrafine BWPs. Chemical characterization reveals that organic and elemental carbon correlated positively with ·OH formation while exhibiting negative correlations with abundant metals including Fe and Mn. We suggest that the source of ·OH is thermal decomposition of organic hydroperoxides derived from phenolic resin. PM oxidative potential quantified with the dithiothreitol (DTT) assay exhibited a positive correlation with the ·OH yield. These results provide critical insights into the toxicity and adverse health effects of BWPs.
期刊介绍:
Environmental Science & Technology Letters serves as an international forum for brief communications on experimental or theoretical results of exceptional timeliness in all aspects of environmental science, both pure and applied. Published as soon as accepted, these communications are summarized in monthly issues. Additionally, the journal features short reviews on emerging topics in environmental science and technology.