密克罗尼西亚小岛屿发展中国家学校卫生政策及其实施与 COVID-19 控制相关的多国案例研究。

IF 3.6 Q1 TROPICAL MEDICINE Tropical Medicine and Health Pub Date : 2024-03-29 DOI:10.1186/s41182-024-00590-8
Fumiko Shibuya, Margaret Hattori-Uchima, Paul Dacanay, Florence Peter, Tarmau Terry Ngirmang, Rudelyn Dacanay, Rie Takeuchi, Calvin de Los Reyes, Jun Kobayashi
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引用次数: 0

摘要

导言:COVID-19 大流行导致学校关闭,世界各地学童的精神疾病和非传染性疾病增加。太平洋小岛屿发展中国家(SIDS)也受到了影响,但与其他亚太国家相比,能有效减少 COVID-19 负面影响的学校卫生活动并未得到广泛开展。本研究根据 COVID-19 的控制阶段,考察了密克罗尼西亚小岛屿发展中国家目前在国家、地方和学校层面实施的学校卫生活动和相关政策:多国案例研究以密克罗尼西亚联邦(FSM)、马绍尔群岛共和国(RMI)和帕劳共和国(ROP)为对象。这些研究的重点是根据 PPR(预防、准备和响应)概念确定的学校卫生实施阶段:第一阶段:预防/准备阶段,第二阶段:早期响应阶段,第三阶段:长期响应/恢复阶段。收集数据的方式包括:查阅政策文件,确定与 COVID-19 三个阶段控制措施相关的学校卫生政策;与 44 位从事学校卫生相关工作的关键信息提供者(密歇根州,n = 14;罗得岛州,n = 18;罗得岛州,n = 12)进行关键信息提供者访谈(KII)。根据本研究的概念框架,采用内容分析法对收集到的数据进行了分析:本研究确定了与 COVID-19 控制有关的学校卫生实施的三个因素:促进分散教育(密克罗尼西亚)、在学校社区实施 COVID-19 控制(马绍尔群岛)以及保护学生的灾害管理,包括应对传染病(马绍尔群岛)。在第一阶段,没有一个国家制定了学校卫生政策。在第二阶段,在密克罗尼西亚联邦和路易港确定了三个促进因素,反映在教育和卫生部门的 COVID-19 控制措施中。在第三阶段,马绍尔群岛共和国在学校社区实施了 COVID-19 控制措施。更新了太平洋区域办事处的青年政策和灾害管理文件,以反映长期阶段的应对措施和未来公共卫生危机的应对措施:分散式教育有助于在国家和地方层面立即在学校实施 COVID-19 控制措施,以协调教育和卫生部门。尽管每个县都采取了多部门方法在学校进行 COVID-19 控制,但地方政府组织仍需加强,并落实已制定的学校卫生政策。为应对下一次公共卫生危机,应促进学校卫生与感染控制和灾害管理相结合。
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Multi-country case study on school health policy and its implementation in relation to COVID-19 control in Micronesia Small Islands Developing States.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic caused school closures and rises in mental illness and non-communicable disease among school children worldwide. The Pacific Small Islands Developing States (SIDS) were also affected, but school health activities, which can effectively reduce negative effects of COVID-19, were not widely implemented compared to other Asia-Pacific countries. This study examined current school health implementation and related policies at national, local, and school levels in the Micronesia SIDS according to phases of COVID-19 control.

Methods: Multi-country case study targeted the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM), Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI), and Republic of Palau (ROP). These studies focused on school health implementation periods according to the PPR (Prevention, Preparedness, and Response) concept: Phase #1: prevention/preparedness, #2: early phase response, and #3: chronic phase response/recovery phase. Data were collected through policy document reviews that identified school health policies related to COVID-19 controls in the three phases and key informant interviews (KIIs) with 44 key informants (FSM, n = 14; RMI, n = 18; ROP, n = 12) whose work related to school health. The collected data were analyzed using content analysis methods according to the conceptual framework in this study.

Results: This study identified three factors of school health implementation related to COVID-19 controls: promotion of decentralized education (FSM), implementation of COVID-19 controls in the school community (RMI), and disaster management for the protection of students including response to infectious disease (ROP). In Phase #1, no country had established a school health policy. In Phase #2, three enablers were identified in FSM and ROP, as reflected in COVID-19 controls by the education and health sectors. In Phase #3, RMI implemented COVID-19 controls in the school community. Documents on youth policy and disaster management in ROP were updated to reflect the chronic phase response and response to future public health crises.

Conclusions: A decentralized education was instrumental in immediately implementing COVID-19 control measures in schools at national and local levels for coordination between education and health sectors. Despite each county's multi-sectoral approach to engage COVID-19 controls in schools, local government organization requires strengthening and implementation of the formulated school health policy. In preparation for the next public health crisis, school health should be promoted that is integrated into both infection control and disaster management.

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来源期刊
Tropical Medicine and Health
Tropical Medicine and Health TROPICAL MEDICINE-
CiteScore
7.00
自引率
2.20%
发文量
90
审稿时长
11 weeks
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