Migration and remediation of typical contaminants in soil and groundwater: A state of art review

Soil and groundwater contamination has always been a global concern. Contaminants are migrated and transformed in the soil and groundwater environments, which in turn pose potential environmental risks to humans. This paper describes four typical contaminants, including heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, microplastics, and perfluorinated and polyfluoroalkyl substances. Based on a systematic summary of the sources, hazards, and migration behaviors of these four contaminants, various existing remediation methods are analyzed, and the advantages and disadvantages of different methods are discussed. Finally, the future research prospects of soil and groundwater remediation are described, and the significance of the study of contaminant migration and remediation in the subsurface environment is emphasized. This research can help to provide theoretical and technical support for the study of contaminant migration and removal in soil and groundwater environments, and further improve the removal rate in actual contaminant sites.