责任规则改变时损害赔偿的变化:关于审前羁押时间赔偿的实证研究

IF 0.9 3区 社会学 Q3 ECONOMICS International Review of Law and Economics Pub Date : 2024-04-03 DOI:10.1016/j.irle.2024.106193
Gabriel Doménech-Pascual , Juan Luis Jiménez
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在一些法律制度中,未定罪的审前被拘留者因还押候审而遭受的损失应由政府给予补偿。一些理论和实证研究分析了这种赔偿的一些后果。本文发现了一个上述研究没有预测到的结果:放宽赔偿要求的法律变化与赔偿金额的减少相关。我们从经验角度分析了从 1990 年至今,哪些因素与西班牙法院在这些案件中裁定的赔偿金额相关。我们的计量经济学分析发现:(i) 最高法院规定所有未定罪的审前被拘留者都应获得赔偿,从而大幅扩大了应获得赔偿的案件范围,此后赔偿金额急剧下降。此外:(ii) 还押时间越长,日赔偿额越低;(iii) 有工作的人获得的赔偿额高于没有工作的人,但不同工作类型之间存在明显(显然不合理)的差异,例如,警官获得的赔偿额远高于其他索赔人;(iv) 我们没有发现性别偏见或外国偏见。
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Changes in damages when liability rules change: an empirical study on compensation for the time spent in pretrial detention

In some legal systems, non-convicted pretrial detainees are to be compensated by the Government for the losses derived from their stay on remand. Several theoretical and empirical studies have analyzed some of the consequences of such compensation. This paper finds a result that said studies did not predict: a legal change that relaxed the requirements for compensation is correlated with a reduction in the amount of compensation awarded. We empirically analyze which factors are correlated with the amount of compensation awarded in these cases by Spanish courts from 1990 until today. Our econometrical analysis finds that (i) this amount has drastically decreased after the Supreme Court, by establishing that every non-convicted pretrial detainee is to be compensated, significantly expanded the set of cases where such compensation is due. Moreover: (ii) the longer the time spent on remand, the lower the daily compensation awarded; (iii) those who work receive higher damages than those who do not work, but there are notable (and apparently unjustifiable) differences by type of work; e.g., police officials get much higher awards than other claimants; (iv) we find no gender nor foreign bias.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
2.60
自引率
18.20%
发文量
38
审稿时长
48 days
期刊介绍: The International Review of Law and Economics provides a forum for interdisciplinary research at the interface of law and economics. IRLE is international in scope and audience and particularly welcomes both theoretical and empirical papers on comparative law and economics, globalization and legal harmonization, and the endogenous emergence of legal institutions, in addition to more traditional legal topics.
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