使用规定火种和生物固体应用作为草原管理工具:野生动物会做出反应吗?

Fire Pub Date : 2024-03-31 DOI:10.3390/fire7040112
Brian Washburn, Michael Begier
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引用次数: 0

摘要

规定焚烧是美国东南部森林生态系统常用的一种管理工具,但这种方法对该地区草地植被和野生动物的影响尚不清楚。2009 年至 2015 年期间,我们进行了一项研究,以确定在北卡罗来纳州哈维罗克的海军陆战队樱桃点航空站应用规定焚烧和/或长期应用生物固体是否会改变植物群落和/或野生动物对草地的利用。在实施年度冬季规定焚烧后的三年里,我们在四个研究地块监测了植被生长情况,测量了植物群落组成,并记录了野生动物的活动。与未焚烧地区相比,规定焚烧减少了垃圾量,增加了春季裸露地面,并改变了植物群落组成。总体而言,烧荒并没有改变鸟类对机场草地的利用(F1,803 = 0.37,p = 0.54),而长期施用生物固体则导致鸟类对机场草地的利用增加(F1,803 = 17.61,p < 0.01)。在鸟类对规定烧毁草地和未烧毁草地的利用方面,几乎没有发现物种特异性差异。与此相反,白尾鹿(Odocoileus virginianus)对冬季焚烧过的区域以及邻近未焚烧区域的利用急剧减少。冬季规定焚烧似乎在鹿最需要的时候清除了饲料植物。我们的研究结果表明,单独或结合使用规定焚烧和生物固体应用可能是改变野生动物(特别是白尾鹿)对草原地区的利用的可行的草原管理工具;不过,还应在其他地点开展类似的研究。
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Using Prescribed Fire and Biosolids Applications as Grassland Management Tools: Do Wildlife Respond?
Prescribed burning is a management tool commonly used in forested ecosystems in the southeastern United States, but the influence of this method on grassland vegetation and wildlife in this geographic region is unknown. During 2009–2015, we conducted a study to determine if the application of prescribed burning and/or long-term biosolid applications alter plant communities and/or wildlife use of grassland areas at Marine Corps Air Station Cherry Point, Havelock, NC. We monitored vegetation growth, measured plant community composition, and documented wildlife activity in four study plots for 3 years after the implementation of annual winter prescribed burns. Prescribed burning reduced the amount of litter, increased bare ground during spring, and altered the plant community composition relative to areas that were not burned. Overall, prescribed burning did not alter (F1,803 = 0.37, p = 0.54) bird use of the airfield grasslands, while the long-term application of biosolids resulted in higher (F1,803 = 17.61, p < 0.01) bird use. Few species-specific differences in avian use of prescribed burned and unburned grasslands were found. In contrast, white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) use of areas that were burned in winter, as well as the adjacent unburned areas, was drastically reduced. Winter prescribed burning appeared to remove forage plants at the time of year deer would use them the most. Our findings suggest that prescribed burning and biosolid applications, used alone and in combination, might be viable grassland management tools for altering wildlife use of grassland areas, specifically white-tailed deer; however, similar research at additional locations should be conducted.
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