Role of public attitude, knowledge, and trust in shaping the acceptance of recycled wastewater for potable and non-potable uses

The acceptance of recycled wastewater plays a pivotal role in shaping the success of water management strategies. This study examines relation of public attitudes, knowledge, behaviors, and trust toward recycled wastewater systems, utilizing a survey of participants. The results reveal substantial knowledge deficits, with only 23.8% correctly defining recycled wastewater. In addition, 46.3% of respondents were knowledgeable about water scarcity, while 45.3% correctly identified the largest water uses. Attitudes were more reserved toward potable applications, with only 5% strongly agreeing to consume recycled water for drinking. Behavioral intentions favored non-potable uses, with 87% agreeing to use recycled wastewater for home gardening and flushing toilets, while 56% considered consuming food irrigated with recycled wastewater acceptable. Trust in water authorities emerged as a significant factor influencing acceptance. Lack of competence and not acting in public interest were identified as key factors eroding trust. The study also explored the influence of religion, revealing that non-contact applications were widely accepted across all religions, while direct-contact applications generated varied responses. The findings underscore the need for targeted educational campaigns, the cultivation of trust, and a nuanced approach considering cultural and religious diversity to promote wastewater recycling.