Innovative self-healing concrete using polycarboxylate ether: a fused deposition modeling approach with 3D-printed polylactic acid vascular networks

 The 3D vascular to release healing materials at a specified crack  A pre-and post-healing study examined the microstructure of interior fissures  EDX analysis confirmed the consumption of Ca(OH) 2 and the generation of C-S-H  Mechanical properties and durability were restored within 28 days after damage Concrete's fracture susceptibility is due to its limited tensile strength, which can lead to cracks. Steel reinforcement is added to designated areas to address this issue