矩阵版的斯坦尼兹难题

Imre Bárány
{"title":"矩阵版的斯坦尼兹难题","authors":"Imre Bárány","doi":"10.1515/crelle-2024-0008","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"\n <jats:p>The Steinitz lemma, a classic from 1913, states that <jats:inline-formula id=\"j_crelle-2024-0008_ineq_9999\">\n <jats:alternatives>\n <m:math xmlns:m=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\">\n <m:mrow>\n <m:msub>\n <m:mi>a</m:mi>\n <m:mn>1</m:mn>\n </m:msub>\n <m:mo>,</m:mo>\n <m:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">…</m:mi>\n <m:mo>,</m:mo>\n <m:msub>\n <m:mi>a</m:mi>\n <m:mi>n</m:mi>\n </m:msub>\n </m:mrow>\n </m:math>\n <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic/j_crelle-2024-0008_eq_0141.png\" />\n <jats:tex-math>{a_{1},\\ldots,a_{n}}</jats:tex-math>\n </jats:alternatives>\n </jats:inline-formula>, a sequence of vectors in <jats:inline-formula id=\"j_crelle-2024-0008_ineq_9998\">\n <jats:alternatives>\n <m:math xmlns:m=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\">\n <m:msup>\n <m:mi>ℝ</m:mi>\n <m:mi>d</m:mi>\n </m:msup>\n </m:math>\n <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic/j_crelle-2024-0008_eq_0091.png\" />\n <jats:tex-math>{\\mathbb{R}^{d}}</jats:tex-math>\n </jats:alternatives>\n </jats:inline-formula> with <jats:inline-formula id=\"j_crelle-2024-0008_ineq_9997\">\n <jats:alternatives>\n <m:math xmlns:m=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\">\n <m:mrow>\n <m:mrow>\n <m:msubsup>\n <m:mo largeop=\"true\" symmetric=\"true\">∑</m:mo>\n <m:mrow>\n <m:mi>i</m:mi>\n <m:mo>=</m:mo>\n <m:mn>1</m:mn>\n </m:mrow>\n <m:mi>n</m:mi>\n </m:msubsup>\n <m:msub>\n <m:mi>a</m:mi>\n <m:mi>i</m:mi>\n </m:msub>\n </m:mrow>\n <m:mo>=</m:mo>\n <m:mn>0</m:mn>\n </m:mrow>\n </m:math>\n <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic/j_crelle-2024-0008_eq_0114.png\" />\n <jats:tex-math>{\\sum_{i=1}^{n}a_{i}=0}</jats:tex-math>\n </jats:alternatives>\n </jats:inline-formula>, can be rearranged so that every partial sum of the rearranged sequence has norm at most <jats:inline-formula id=\"j_crelle-2024-0008_ineq_9996\">\n <jats:alternatives>\n <m:math xmlns:m=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\">\n <m:mrow>\n <m:mn>2</m:mn>\n <m:mo>⁢</m:mo>\n <m:mi>d</m:mi>\n <m:mo>⁢</m:mo>\n <m:mrow>\n <m:mi>max</m:mi>\n <m:mo>⁡</m:mo>\n <m:mrow>\n <m:mo>∥</m:mo>\n <m:msub>\n <m:mi>a</m:mi>\n <m:mi>i</m:mi>\n </m:msub>\n <m:mo>∥</m:mo>\n </m:mrow>\n </m:mrow>\n </m:mrow>\n </m:math>\n <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic/j_crelle-2024-0008_eq_0052.png\" />\n <jats:tex-math>{2d\\max\\|a_{i}\\|}</jats:tex-math>\n </jats:alternatives>\n </jats:inline-formula>. In the matrix version <jats:italic>A</jats:italic> is a <jats:inline-formula id=\"j_crelle-2024-0008_ineq_9995\">\n <jats:alternatives>\n <m:math xmlns:m=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\">\n <m:mrow>\n <m:mi>k</m:mi>\n <m:mo>×</m:mo>\n <m:mi>n</m:mi>\n </m:mrow>\n </m:math>\n <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic/j_crelle-2024-0008_eq_0190.png\" />\n <jats:tex-math>{k\\times n}</jats:tex-math>\n </jats:alternatives>\n </jats:inline-formula> matrix with entries <jats:inline-formula id=\"j_crelle-2024-0008_ineq_9994\">\n <jats:alternatives>\n <m:math xmlns:m=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\">\n <m:mrow>\n <m:msubsup>\n <m:mi>a</m:mi>\n <m:mi>i</m:mi>\n <m:mi>j</m:mi>\n </m:msubsup>\n <m:mo>∈</m:mo>\n <m:msup>\n <m:mi>ℝ</m:mi>\n <m:mi>d</m:mi>\n </m:msup>\n </m:mrow>\n </m:math>\n <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic/j_crelle-2024-0008_eq_0148.png\" />\n <jats:tex-math>{a_{i}^{j}\\in\\mathbb{R}^{d}}</jats:tex-math>\n </jats:alternatives>\n </jats:inline-formula> with <jats:inline-formula id=\"j_crelle-2024-0008_ineq_9993\">\n <jats:alternatives>\n <m:math xmlns:m=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\">\n <m:mrow>\n <m:mrow>\n <m:msubsup>\n <m:mo largeop=\"true\" symmetric=\"true\">∑</m:mo>\n <m:mrow>\n <m:mi>j</m:mi>\n <m:mo>=</m:mo>\n <m:mn>1</m:mn>\n </m:mrow>\n <m:mi>k</m:mi>\n </m:msubsup>\n <m:mrow>\n <m:msubsup>\n <m:mo largeop=\"true\" symmetric=\"true\">∑</m:mo>\n <m:mrow>\n <m:mi>i</m:mi>\n <m:mo>=</m:mo>\n <m:mn>1</m:mn>\n </m:mrow>\n <m:mi>n</m:mi>\n </m:msubsup>\n <m:msubsup>\n <m:mi>a</m:mi>\n <m:mi>i</m:mi>\n <m:mi>j</m:mi>\n </m:msubsup>\n </m:mrow>\n </m:mrow>\n <m:mo>=</m:mo>\n <m:mn>0</m:mn>\n </m:mrow>\n </m:math>\n <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic/j_crelle-2024-0008_eq_0116.png\" />\n <jats:tex-math>{\\sum_{j=1}^{k}\\sum_{i=1}^{n}a_{i}^{j}=0}</jats:tex-math>\n </jats:alternatives>\n </jats:inline-formula>. It is proved in [T. Oertel, J. Paat and R. Weismantel,\nA colorful Steinitz lemma with applications to block integer programs, Math. Program. 204 2024, 677–702] that there is a rearrangement of row <jats:italic>j</jats:italic> of <jats:italic>A</jats:italic> (for every <jats:italic>j</jats:italic>) such that the sum of the entries in the first <jats:italic>m</jats:italic> columns of the rearranged matrix has norm at most <jats:inline-formula id=\"j_crelle-2024-0008_ineq_9992\">\n <jats:alternatives>\n <m:math xmlns:m=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\">\n <m:mrow>\n <m:mn>40</m:mn>\n <m:mo>⁢</m:mo>\n <m:msup>\n <m:mi>d</m:mi>\n <m:mn>5</m:mn>\n </m:msup>\n <m:mo>⁢</m:mo>\n <m:mrow>\n <m:mi>max</m:mi>\n <m:mo>⁡</m:mo>\n <m:mrow>\n <m:mo>∥</m:mo>\n <m:msubsup>\n <m:mi>a</m:mi>\n <m:mi>i</m:mi>\n ","PeriodicalId":508691,"journal":{"name":"Journal für die reine und angewandte Mathematik (Crelles Journal)","volume":"23 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"1","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"A matrix version of the Steinitz lemma\",\"authors\":\"Imre Bárány\",\"doi\":\"10.1515/crelle-2024-0008\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"\\n <jats:p>The Steinitz lemma, a classic from 1913, states that <jats:inline-formula id=\\\"j_crelle-2024-0008_ineq_9999\\\">\\n <jats:alternatives>\\n <m:math xmlns:m=\\\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\\\">\\n <m:mrow>\\n <m:msub>\\n <m:mi>a</m:mi>\\n <m:mn>1</m:mn>\\n </m:msub>\\n <m:mo>,</m:mo>\\n <m:mi mathvariant=\\\"normal\\\">…</m:mi>\\n <m:mo>,</m:mo>\\n <m:msub>\\n <m:mi>a</m:mi>\\n <m:mi>n</m:mi>\\n </m:msub>\\n </m:mrow>\\n </m:math>\\n <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\\\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\\\" xlink:href=\\\"graphic/j_crelle-2024-0008_eq_0141.png\\\" />\\n <jats:tex-math>{a_{1},\\\\ldots,a_{n}}</jats:tex-math>\\n </jats:alternatives>\\n </jats:inline-formula>, a sequence of vectors in <jats:inline-formula id=\\\"j_crelle-2024-0008_ineq_9998\\\">\\n <jats:alternatives>\\n <m:math xmlns:m=\\\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\\\">\\n <m:msup>\\n <m:mi>ℝ</m:mi>\\n <m:mi>d</m:mi>\\n </m:msup>\\n </m:math>\\n <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\\\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\\\" xlink:href=\\\"graphic/j_crelle-2024-0008_eq_0091.png\\\" />\\n <jats:tex-math>{\\\\mathbb{R}^{d}}</jats:tex-math>\\n </jats:alternatives>\\n </jats:inline-formula> with <jats:inline-formula id=\\\"j_crelle-2024-0008_ineq_9997\\\">\\n <jats:alternatives>\\n <m:math xmlns:m=\\\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\\\">\\n <m:mrow>\\n <m:mrow>\\n <m:msubsup>\\n <m:mo largeop=\\\"true\\\" symmetric=\\\"true\\\">∑</m:mo>\\n <m:mrow>\\n <m:mi>i</m:mi>\\n <m:mo>=</m:mo>\\n <m:mn>1</m:mn>\\n </m:mrow>\\n <m:mi>n</m:mi>\\n </m:msubsup>\\n <m:msub>\\n <m:mi>a</m:mi>\\n <m:mi>i</m:mi>\\n </m:msub>\\n </m:mrow>\\n <m:mo>=</m:mo>\\n <m:mn>0</m:mn>\\n </m:mrow>\\n </m:math>\\n <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\\\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\\\" xlink:href=\\\"graphic/j_crelle-2024-0008_eq_0114.png\\\" />\\n <jats:tex-math>{\\\\sum_{i=1}^{n}a_{i}=0}</jats:tex-math>\\n </jats:alternatives>\\n </jats:inline-formula>, can be rearranged so that every partial sum of the rearranged sequence has norm at most <jats:inline-formula id=\\\"j_crelle-2024-0008_ineq_9996\\\">\\n <jats:alternatives>\\n <m:math xmlns:m=\\\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\\\">\\n <m:mrow>\\n <m:mn>2</m:mn>\\n <m:mo>⁢</m:mo>\\n <m:mi>d</m:mi>\\n <m:mo>⁢</m:mo>\\n <m:mrow>\\n <m:mi>max</m:mi>\\n <m:mo>⁡</m:mo>\\n <m:mrow>\\n <m:mo>∥</m:mo>\\n <m:msub>\\n <m:mi>a</m:mi>\\n <m:mi>i</m:mi>\\n </m:msub>\\n <m:mo>∥</m:mo>\\n </m:mrow>\\n </m:mrow>\\n </m:mrow>\\n </m:math>\\n <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\\\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\\\" xlink:href=\\\"graphic/j_crelle-2024-0008_eq_0052.png\\\" />\\n <jats:tex-math>{2d\\\\max\\\\|a_{i}\\\\|}</jats:tex-math>\\n </jats:alternatives>\\n </jats:inline-formula>. In the matrix version <jats:italic>A</jats:italic> is a <jats:inline-formula id=\\\"j_crelle-2024-0008_ineq_9995\\\">\\n <jats:alternatives>\\n <m:math xmlns:m=\\\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\\\">\\n <m:mrow>\\n <m:mi>k</m:mi>\\n <m:mo>×</m:mo>\\n <m:mi>n</m:mi>\\n </m:mrow>\\n </m:math>\\n <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\\\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\\\" xlink:href=\\\"graphic/j_crelle-2024-0008_eq_0190.png\\\" />\\n <jats:tex-math>{k\\\\times n}</jats:tex-math>\\n </jats:alternatives>\\n </jats:inline-formula> matrix with entries <jats:inline-formula id=\\\"j_crelle-2024-0008_ineq_9994\\\">\\n <jats:alternatives>\\n <m:math xmlns:m=\\\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\\\">\\n <m:mrow>\\n <m:msubsup>\\n <m:mi>a</m:mi>\\n <m:mi>i</m:mi>\\n <m:mi>j</m:mi>\\n </m:msubsup>\\n <m:mo>∈</m:mo>\\n <m:msup>\\n <m:mi>ℝ</m:mi>\\n <m:mi>d</m:mi>\\n </m:msup>\\n </m:mrow>\\n </m:math>\\n <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\\\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\\\" xlink:href=\\\"graphic/j_crelle-2024-0008_eq_0148.png\\\" />\\n <jats:tex-math>{a_{i}^{j}\\\\in\\\\mathbb{R}^{d}}</jats:tex-math>\\n </jats:alternatives>\\n </jats:inline-formula> with <jats:inline-formula id=\\\"j_crelle-2024-0008_ineq_9993\\\">\\n <jats:alternatives>\\n <m:math xmlns:m=\\\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\\\">\\n <m:mrow>\\n <m:mrow>\\n <m:msubsup>\\n <m:mo largeop=\\\"true\\\" symmetric=\\\"true\\\">∑</m:mo>\\n <m:mrow>\\n <m:mi>j</m:mi>\\n <m:mo>=</m:mo>\\n <m:mn>1</m:mn>\\n </m:mrow>\\n <m:mi>k</m:mi>\\n </m:msubsup>\\n <m:mrow>\\n <m:msubsup>\\n <m:mo largeop=\\\"true\\\" symmetric=\\\"true\\\">∑</m:mo>\\n <m:mrow>\\n <m:mi>i</m:mi>\\n <m:mo>=</m:mo>\\n <m:mn>1</m:mn>\\n </m:mrow>\\n <m:mi>n</m:mi>\\n </m:msubsup>\\n <m:msubsup>\\n <m:mi>a</m:mi>\\n <m:mi>i</m:mi>\\n <m:mi>j</m:mi>\\n </m:msubsup>\\n </m:mrow>\\n </m:mrow>\\n <m:mo>=</m:mo>\\n <m:mn>0</m:mn>\\n </m:mrow>\\n </m:math>\\n <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\\\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\\\" xlink:href=\\\"graphic/j_crelle-2024-0008_eq_0116.png\\\" />\\n <jats:tex-math>{\\\\sum_{j=1}^{k}\\\\sum_{i=1}^{n}a_{i}^{j}=0}</jats:tex-math>\\n </jats:alternatives>\\n </jats:inline-formula>. It is proved in [T. Oertel, J. Paat and R. Weismantel,\\nA colorful Steinitz lemma with applications to block integer programs, Math. Program. 204 2024, 677–702] that there is a rearrangement of row <jats:italic>j</jats:italic> of <jats:italic>A</jats:italic> (for every <jats:italic>j</jats:italic>) such that the sum of the entries in the first <jats:italic>m</jats:italic> columns of the rearranged matrix has norm at most <jats:inline-formula id=\\\"j_crelle-2024-0008_ineq_9992\\\">\\n <jats:alternatives>\\n <m:math xmlns:m=\\\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\\\">\\n <m:mrow>\\n <m:mn>40</m:mn>\\n <m:mo>⁢</m:mo>\\n <m:msup>\\n <m:mi>d</m:mi>\\n <m:mn>5</m:mn>\\n </m:msup>\\n <m:mo>⁢</m:mo>\\n <m:mrow>\\n <m:mi>max</m:mi>\\n <m:mo>⁡</m:mo>\\n <m:mrow>\\n <m:mo>∥</m:mo>\\n <m:msubsup>\\n <m:mi>a</m:mi>\\n <m:mi>i</m:mi>\\n \",\"PeriodicalId\":508691,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Journal für die reine und angewandte Mathematik (Crelles Journal)\",\"volume\":\"23 8\",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-03-26\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"1\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Journal für die reine und angewandte Mathematik (Crelles Journal)\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1515/crelle-2024-0008\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"\",\"JCRName\":\"\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal für die reine und angewandte Mathematik (Crelles Journal)","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1515/crelle-2024-0008","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1

摘要

Steinitz Lemma 是 1913 年的一个经典定理,它指出 a 1 , ... , a n {a_{1},\ldots,a_{n}} ,∑ i = 1 n a i = 0 {\sum_{i=1}^{n}a_{i}=0} 的ℝ d {\mathbb{R}^{d} 中的向量序列,可以重新排列,使之与∑ i = 1 n a i = 0 {\sum_{i=1}^{n}a_{i}=0} 中的向量序列相等。 可以重新排列,使得重新排列序列的每个部分和的规范最多为 2 d max ∥ a i ∥ {2d\max\|a_{i}\|} 。在矩阵版本中,A 是一个 k × n {k\times n} 矩阵,其条目为 a i j∈ ℝ d {a_{i}^{j}\in\mathbb{R}^{d}} ,∑ j = 1 k ∑ i = 1 n a i j = 0 {\sum_{j=1}^{k}\sum_{i=1}^{n}a_{i}^{j}=0} 。这在 [T. Oertel, J. Paat] 中得到证明。Oertel、J. Paat 和 R.
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A matrix version of the Steinitz lemma
The Steinitz lemma, a classic from 1913, states that a 1 , , a n {a_{1},\ldots,a_{n}} , a sequence of vectors in d {\mathbb{R}^{d}} with i = 1 n a i = 0 {\sum_{i=1}^{n}a_{i}=0} , can be rearranged so that every partial sum of the rearranged sequence has norm at most 2 d max a i {2d\max\|a_{i}\|} . In the matrix version A is a k × n {k\times n} matrix with entries a i j d {a_{i}^{j}\in\mathbb{R}^{d}} with j = 1 k i = 1 n a i j = 0 {\sum_{j=1}^{k}\sum_{i=1}^{n}a_{i}^{j}=0} . It is proved in [T. Oertel, J. Paat and R. Weismantel, A colorful Steinitz lemma with applications to block integer programs, Math. Program. 204 2024, 677–702] that there is a rearrangement of row j of A (for every j) such that the sum of the entries in the first m columns of the rearranged matrix has norm at most 40 d 5 max a i
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