西方神学的白人性与某些解放神学,一个硬币的两面?

Sifiso Khuzwayo
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摘要

这篇文章探讨了欧洲探险家经常使用的西方神学是如何将 "白人 "神化的。白人作为一种意识形态的建构,在基督教中找到了理想的工具,并通过至上主义将拿撒勒人耶稣从他的犹太根源中剥离出来,为他披上白人的外衣,从而使白人男性成为所有生物都必须向往的偶像。作为反抗,解放神学家,尤其是詹姆斯-科恩,提出了 "耶稣是黑人 "的可能性。这样一来,耶稣对任何人来说都可以是任何东西的可能性就变得可以想象了。对拿撒勒人耶稣的这种篡夺为按照自己的形象再造耶稣提供了可能性。这就是本文要论证的现代神学核心问题--偶像崇拜。本文假设了一种辩证的怀疑诠释学,探讨了现代神学的问题,以及一些解放神学如何像修剪盆景树一样,继续在西方神学所延续的白人性面前扮演次要角色。尽管神学的非殖民化面临挑战,但这一探索设想了一种非意识形态的基督教的可能性,这种基督教可能正视西方神学的白人性及其相关暴行。这种探索可能会导致一种基于现代神学与文化和传统灵性之间诚实和审问性相遇的变革性神学的构架:本文探讨了解放神学如何才能成为神学领域的主要参与者,而不总是屈居西方神学之后。从政治神学的角度探讨非殖民主义与白人的对抗,将人类学、经济学和社会福利联系在一起。
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Western theology’s whiteness and some Liberation theologies, two sides of the same coin?
This article explores how the Western theology often employed by European explorers sought to deify ‘whiteness’. Whiteness as an ideological construction found the ideal tool in Christianity and through supersessionism detached Jesus of Nazareth from his Jewish roots and clothed him in whiteness, thus making white maleness the idol that all creatures must aspire towards. In defiance, liberation theologians, in particular James Cone, coined the possibility that ‘Jesus is black’. Thus, the possibility of Jesus being anything to anyone becomes conceivable. Such a usurpation of the Jesus of Nazareth on either side opens the possibility of recreating Jesus in one’s image. This is the coin of idolatry that this article will argue sits at the heart of modern theology. Assuming a dialectical hermeneutic of suspicion, this article explores the problem of modern theology and how some liberation theologies may continue to play second fiddle to the whiteness perpetuated by western theologies like pruning a bonsai tree. Notwithstanding the challenges of decolonising theology, this search conceives the possibility of a non-ideological Christianity that may be confronting the whiteness of western theology and its associated atrocities. Such a quest may lead to a framing of a transformative theology based on honest and interrogative encounter between modern theology and cultural and traditional spiritualities.Contribution: This article explores how liberation theology can become a major player in the theology arena without always playing second fiddle to Western theologies. Exploring decoloniality confronts whiteness in terms of political theology that interlinks anthropology, economics and social welfare.
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