Macrophage Polarization and Crosstalk between Macrophages and Other Cells in Hidradenitis Suppurativa

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS), also known as acne inversa, is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the development of inflammatory nodules, abscesses, and pus-discharging tunnels in areas such as the axillary, inguinal, gluteal, and perianal regions. The pathogenesis of HS remains unclear, but it is being increasingly recognized to rely on the dysregulation of inflammatory responses. Central to this process are macrophages, which have emerged as key players in the inflammatory milieu of HS. These cells orchestrate inflammation via polarization and significantly influence the functions of neighboring cells. This review briefly describes macrophage polarization and crosstalk between macrophages and other cells in patients with HS with the aim of providing new therapeutic strategies for the clinical management of HS.