Investigating the influence of clinico-socio-demographic factors on ocular disorders in diabetes mellitus: A study from western Uttar Pradesh

The study aims to investigate the correlation between clinico-socio-demographic factors and ocular diseases in diabetic patients and assess the knowledge of patients with diabetes mellitus regarding diabetes-related ocular diseases.This cross-sectional study examined 120 diabetic patients referred from the Diabetic clinic. Clinico-socio-demographic data was analysed to understand ocular disease correlations and guide interventions. Anthropometric and medical history data were gathered using a self-developed questionnaire. Biochemical parameters, fasting, postprandial glucose and HbA1c levels were measured. Assessment of Awareness and experiences of diabetic ocular disease with a scoring system was done. Ocular exams (slit lamp, intraocular pressure, and fundus checks) were conducted by an ophthalmologist in the Ophthalmology OPD. The study found that the most prevalent ocular disease in diabetic patients was cataract (52.5%), followed by diabetic retinopathy (13.33%). Demographic factors showed significant associations with ocular diseases (p < 0.05). The research identified a notable ocular disease prevalence among diabetes patients, with socioeconomic factors impacting treatment access and causing lasting eye damage. Awareness of diabetes and its complications was moderate, highlighting the need for enhanced education via diverse channels and healthcare facilities to enable early detection and improved outcomes.