Pub Date : 2024-07-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijceo.2024.062
Sheryl D Almeida, Arathi Choudhary, Chaitra Pujar, S. K. Nyamagoudar
:To evaluate the demography, clinical features, complications and management of patients with Vernal keratoconjunctivitis.A retrospective analysis of 80 patients who consulted in the Ophthalmology OPD of a tertiary care hospital in North Karnataka who were diagnosed with Vernal keratoconjunctivitis was done. This study was done from March 2020 to February 2021. Detailed ophthalmologic evaluation was done after taking a thorough history regarding symptoms, predisposing factors and family history. Patients were diagnosed based on their symptoms like redness, itching, watering, foreign body sensation etc and signs like papillae, limbal thickening etc into mild, moderate and severe. Detailed treatment history was also noted. Patients were also examined for any complications associated with VKC and also with the treatment. Mean age at presentation was 14.11 years ± 2.23 years. The male (M) to female (F) ratio was 1.29:1.Most of the patients had mixed pattern (71.25%) of disease. Personal or family history of allergy was noted in 5% of population. 10% of the population had moderate to severe vision loss. 30% of the patients had complications due to VKC. : Our study shows that vernal keratoconjunctivitis has early age of onset with higher male preponderance with frequent presentation during spring and summer season and less association with family history of allergy. VKC being a chronic disease need for long term follow up has to be advised and switching over to drugs like cyclosporine instead of steroids showed to be effective with minimal side effects.
{"title":"Clinical profile and management of vernal keratoconjunctivitis in a tertiary health care center, North Karnataka","authors":"Sheryl D Almeida, Arathi Choudhary, Chaitra Pujar, S. K. Nyamagoudar","doi":"10.18231/j.ijceo.2024.062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijceo.2024.062","url":null,"abstract":":To evaluate the demography, clinical features, complications and management of patients with Vernal keratoconjunctivitis.A retrospective analysis of 80 patients who consulted in the Ophthalmology OPD of a tertiary care hospital in North Karnataka who were diagnosed with Vernal keratoconjunctivitis was done. This study was done from March 2020 to February 2021. Detailed ophthalmologic evaluation was done after taking a thorough history regarding symptoms, predisposing factors and family history. Patients were diagnosed based on their symptoms like redness, itching, watering, foreign body sensation etc and signs like papillae, limbal thickening etc into mild, moderate and severe. Detailed treatment history was also noted. Patients were also examined for any complications associated with VKC and also with the treatment. Mean age at presentation was 14.11 years ± 2.23 years. The male (M) to female (F) ratio was 1.29:1.Most of the patients had mixed pattern (71.25%) of disease. Personal or family history of allergy was noted in 5% of population. 10% of the population had moderate to severe vision loss. 30% of the patients had complications due to VKC. : Our study shows that vernal keratoconjunctivitis has early age of onset with higher male preponderance with frequent presentation during spring and summer season and less association with family history of allergy. VKC being a chronic disease need for long term follow up has to be advised and switching over to drugs like cyclosporine instead of steroids showed to be effective with minimal side effects.","PeriodicalId":13485,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141644693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijceo.2024.069
Othman Jarallah Al Jarallah
Combined hamartoma of the retina and retinal pigment epithelium (CHR-RPE) represents a rare, benign congenital anomaly typically presenting as slightly elevated, variably pigmented lesions. This report details the surgical outcome and histopathological features of an epiretinal membrane associated with CHR-RPE. A 29-year-old woman with a three-year history of gradual visual decline in her right eye underwent a comprehensive ophthalmologic examination, including spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), which revealed characteristic features of CHR-RPE and an overlying epiretinal membrane. She subsequently elected to undergo pars plana vitrectomy with membrane peeling. Intraoperative findings confirmed the presence of histological elements consistent with the internal limiting membrane, fibrillar collagen, vitreous, and cells positive for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), indicative of glial cells. Postoperatively, there was a noticeable improvement in the retinal architecture; however, visual acuity improvement was minimal. Histopathological analysis of the excised membrane provided insight into the lesion’s cellular composition. This case underscores the complex nature of CHR-RPE associated with epiretinal membranes and the challenges in achieving significant visual acuity improvement despite successful surgical intervention. It highlights the importance of early detection and a personalized approach to management. Future research should focus on optimizing treatment strategies and improving understanding of the prognosis for similar cases.
{"title":"Epiretinal membrane associated with combined hamartoma of retina pigment epithelium: Surgical outcome and histopathological features","authors":"Othman Jarallah Al Jarallah","doi":"10.18231/j.ijceo.2024.069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijceo.2024.069","url":null,"abstract":"Combined hamartoma of the retina and retinal pigment epithelium (CHR-RPE) represents a rare, benign congenital anomaly typically presenting as slightly elevated, variably pigmented lesions. This report details the surgical outcome and histopathological features of an epiretinal membrane associated with CHR-RPE. A 29-year-old woman with a three-year history of gradual visual decline in her right eye underwent a comprehensive ophthalmologic examination, including spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), which revealed characteristic features of CHR-RPE and an overlying epiretinal membrane. She subsequently elected to undergo pars plana vitrectomy with membrane peeling. Intraoperative findings confirmed the presence of histological elements consistent with the internal limiting membrane, fibrillar collagen, vitreous, and cells positive for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), indicative of glial cells. Postoperatively, there was a noticeable improvement in the retinal architecture; however, visual acuity improvement was minimal. Histopathological analysis of the excised membrane provided insight into the lesion’s cellular composition. This case underscores the complex nature of CHR-RPE associated with epiretinal membranes and the challenges in achieving significant visual acuity improvement despite successful surgical intervention. It highlights the importance of early detection and a personalized approach to management. Future research should focus on optimizing treatment strategies and improving understanding of the prognosis for similar cases.","PeriodicalId":13485,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141644810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: To study the prevalence of ocular manifestations in the HIV-positive individuals and find out the different types of ocular manifestations in HIV patients based on their CD4 count levels. This is a cross-sectional observational study with a sample size of 70 which will be conducted in department of Ophthalmology at Trichy SRM Medical College Hospital & Research Centre. This study includes all HIV positive patients irrespective of their age group, gender. A total of 70 cases were included in this study. HIV induced ocular manifestations were present in 33 out of 70 patients which has accounted for 47% in our study. Most of the patients with HIV were in the age group ranging between 20 years to 70 years. Most commonly seen ocular manifestations were anterior segment manifestations accounting for 33.33% and then adnexal manifestations (27%), posterior segment manifestations (24%) and the neuro-ophthalmic manifestations (15.15%). Ocular manifestations with highest prevalence were seen to be present in population with CD4 ranging between 250-300 cells/mm. Of these anterior segment manifestations were common.: In our study, anterior segment manifestations were more commonly seen than posterior segment manifestations. Dry Eye disorder and HIV Retinopathy are the most commonly seen manifestations. Early screening of HIV positive individual should be done for the ocular manifestations at time of diagnosis.
:研究 HIV 阳性者眼部表现的患病率，并根据 CD4 细胞计数水平找出 HIV 患者眼部表现的不同类型。这是一项横断面观察性研究，样本量为 70 份，将在 Trichy SRM 医学院医院和研究中心眼科进行。研究对象包括所有 HIV 阳性患者，不分年龄段和性别。共有 70 个病例被纳入本研究。在 70 例患者中，有 33 例出现了艾滋病毒引起的眼部表现，占本研究的 47%。大多数艾滋病病毒感染者的年龄介于 20 岁至 70 岁之间。最常见的眼部表现是前段表现，占 33.33%，然后是附件表现（27%）、后段表现（24%）和神经眼科表现（15.15%）。在 CD4 细胞数在 250-300 个/毫米之间的人群中，眼部表现的发病率最高。其中前节表现最为常见：在我们的研究中，前节表现比后节表现更常见。干眼症和艾滋病视网膜病变是最常见的表现。在诊断艾滋病毒阳性患者时，应及早筛查其眼部表现。
{"title":"Prevalence of ocular manifestations in HIV patients","authors":"Ajay Venkat Ananthan, Meena Devi Kalyana Kumar, Vinnarasi Rayar, Sudan Marudhachalam","doi":"10.18231/j.ijceo.2024.051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijceo.2024.051","url":null,"abstract":": To study the prevalence of ocular manifestations in the HIV-positive individuals and find out the different types of ocular manifestations in HIV patients based on their CD4 count levels. This is a cross-sectional observational study with a sample size of 70 which will be conducted in department of Ophthalmology at Trichy SRM Medical College Hospital & Research Centre. This study includes all HIV positive patients irrespective of their age group, gender. A total of 70 cases were included in this study. HIV induced ocular manifestations were present in 33 out of 70 patients which has accounted for 47% in our study. Most of the patients with HIV were in the age group ranging between 20 years to 70 years. Most commonly seen ocular manifestations were anterior segment manifestations accounting for 33.33% and then adnexal manifestations (27%), posterior segment manifestations (24%) and the neuro-ophthalmic manifestations (15.15%). Ocular manifestations with highest prevalence were seen to be present in population with CD4 ranging between 250-300 cells/mm. Of these anterior segment manifestations were common.: In our study, anterior segment manifestations were more commonly seen than posterior segment manifestations. Dry Eye disorder and HIV Retinopathy are the most commonly seen manifestations. Early screening of HIV positive individual should be done for the ocular manifestations at time of diagnosis.","PeriodicalId":13485,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141645694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijceo.2024.059
Radha Annamalai, Uma Ramalingam, Jai Mercy James
Pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEX) is the most common cause of secondary open angle glaucoma. It is a systemic disorder characterized by extracellular deposition of distinctive grey-white fibrillary amyloid like material. The material is found in the anterior segment of the eye, where it can be easily identified on ocular (slit- lamp) examination by ophthalmologists. This study was carried out to determine if an association does exist between ocular pseudoexfoliation and cardiovascular disease. This was a cross-sectional case-control study carried out from March 2023 to June 2023 at a tertiary hospital. A total of 46 cases (patients with ocular pseudoexfoliation) and 46 controls (patients without ocular pseudoexfoliation) were randomly selected from Ophthalmology Outpatient Department. Ophthalmological examination was done which included visual acuity testing using standard Snellen’s Chart, anterior segment assessment by slit lamp examination, Goldmann Applanation Tonometry to check intraocular pressure (IOP) and dilated fundus examination by direct/indirect ophthalmoscopy. Blood pressure (BP) was assessed and Electrocardiogram (ECG) was performed for all the patients undergoing the study. 2D Echocardiogram (ECHO) was done if ECG was abnormal. Analysis of the study results showed a positive association between ocular pseudoexfoliation and hypertension (HTN) and abnormal ECG. Also, the condition appeared to be more prevalent among the males. Since there is a positive association between pseudoexfoliation and cardiovascular diseases (CVD), ophthalmologists need to proactively investigate patients with PEX for cardiovascular abnormalities in form of HTN and abnormal ECG and refer them to physicians for appropriate management, if necessary.
{"title":"Association between ocular pseudoexfoliation and cardiovascular disease status: An analysis in a multi-speciality Hospital","authors":"Radha Annamalai, Uma Ramalingam, Jai Mercy James","doi":"10.18231/j.ijceo.2024.059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijceo.2024.059","url":null,"abstract":"Pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEX) is the most common cause of secondary open angle glaucoma. It is a systemic disorder characterized by extracellular deposition of distinctive grey-white fibrillary amyloid like material. The material is found in the anterior segment of the eye, where it can be easily identified on ocular (slit- lamp) examination by ophthalmologists. This study was carried out to determine if an association does exist between ocular pseudoexfoliation and cardiovascular disease. This was a cross-sectional case-control study carried out from March 2023 to June 2023 at a tertiary hospital. A total of 46 cases (patients with ocular pseudoexfoliation) and 46 controls (patients without ocular pseudoexfoliation) were randomly selected from Ophthalmology Outpatient Department. Ophthalmological examination was done which included visual acuity testing using standard Snellen’s Chart, anterior segment assessment by slit lamp examination, Goldmann Applanation Tonometry to check intraocular pressure (IOP) and dilated fundus examination by direct/indirect ophthalmoscopy. Blood pressure (BP) was assessed and Electrocardiogram (ECG) was performed for all the patients undergoing the study. 2D Echocardiogram (ECHO) was done if ECG was abnormal. Analysis of the study results showed a positive association between ocular pseudoexfoliation and hypertension (HTN) and abnormal ECG. Also, the condition appeared to be more prevalent among the males. Since there is a positive association between pseudoexfoliation and cardiovascular diseases (CVD), ophthalmologists need to proactively investigate patients with PEX for cardiovascular abnormalities in form of HTN and abnormal ECG and refer them to physicians for appropriate management, if necessary.","PeriodicalId":13485,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141646275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijceo.2024.053
Supriya B N, Divya Prasad, Srinivas Phani Nakkella
Optic neuritis is defined as an autoimmune demyelinating disorder of the optic nerve. It can be idiopathic/post infectious/component of multiple sclerosis. It is not associated with other systemic diseases so commonly. It causes inflammation, which affects the myelin lining of the optic erve. Aim of this study was to identify study the optic nerve characteristics in patients with optic neuritis in a tertiary care center. A descriptive study was done on 30patients with optic neuritis, by considering specific components that determine the optic nerve function. Components of optic nerve studied includes, visual acuity, color vision, contrast ensitivity, visual fields, visual evoked otential and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Optic neuritis is more common in females than males (66.6%). Most common age group is 26-35years (36.6%). Relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD) seen in 50% of patients (15pts). Visual acuity loss majority in between hand movements–counting fingers close to face (40%). Color vision defects were present in all the patients, Red-Green color defect was more common. Visual fields showed severely depressed fields in 30% patients. MRI was normal in 83% patients. Optic neuritis usually affects young adults. Proper diagnosis of the disease, correct treatment at right time is necessary. Combined approach for treatment with neurologist is required to make them aware of disease process, treatment & to prevent recurrences.
{"title":"To study the optic nerve characteristics in patients with optic neuritis","authors":"Supriya B N, Divya Prasad, Srinivas Phani Nakkella","doi":"10.18231/j.ijceo.2024.053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijceo.2024.053","url":null,"abstract":"Optic neuritis is defined as an autoimmune demyelinating disorder of the optic nerve. It can be idiopathic/post infectious/component of multiple sclerosis. It is not associated with other systemic diseases so commonly. It causes inflammation, which affects the myelin lining of the optic erve. Aim of this study was to identify study the optic nerve characteristics in patients with optic neuritis in a tertiary care center. A descriptive study was done on 30patients with optic neuritis, by considering specific components that determine the optic nerve function. Components of optic nerve studied includes, visual acuity, color vision, contrast ensitivity, visual fields, visual evoked otential and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Optic neuritis is more common in females than males (66.6%). Most common age group is 26-35years (36.6%). Relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD) seen in 50% of patients (15pts). Visual acuity loss majority in between hand movements–counting fingers close to face (40%). Color vision defects were present in all the patients, Red-Green color defect was more common. Visual fields showed severely depressed fields in 30% patients. MRI was normal in 83% patients. Optic neuritis usually affects young adults. Proper diagnosis of the disease, correct treatment at right time is necessary. Combined approach for treatment with neurologist is required to make them aware of disease process, treatment & to prevent recurrences.","PeriodicalId":13485,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141644971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijceo.2024.064
Sumalath Sai Keerthi Mathukumalli, Bharath Tumma, N. Mukkamala
Diabetes is one of the most leading causes of blindness with complications related to diabetic keratopathy (DK). This chronic metabolic stress makes changes in the endothelial cells of the cornea by loss in pleomorphism, corneal autofluorescence, degeneration of the cells due to stress leads to over hydration of the stroma leads to change in corneal thickness. The central corneal thickness is a sensitive indicator of corneal health and serves as an index for corneal hydration and metabolism. Accurate CCT measurement has diagnostic and therapeutic implications.Cross-sectional comparative study was done with 260 patients divided into two groups. Group 1 included patients with diabetes and group II patients without diabetes (Control group) of age group between 45 to 80 years who are attending Ophthalmology OPD in a time period of 2 months. Thorough history of patients was taken and underwent visual acuity testing, BCVA, IOP, fundus examination, HbA1c and CCT measurement using Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT).Mean CCT in diabetic population was 560.38±44.51 µm, while in control group was 500.32±39.63 µm with statistically significant p value of <0.001. Correlation analysis shows duration of diabetes and HbA1c shows significant relation and age doesn’t show any correlation with CCT.Our study demonstrates that individuals with diabetes mellitus or increased levels of HbA1c had higher CCT, regardless of age or gender. This signifies that CCT was influenced by prolonged increased levels of blood glucose.
{"title":"A study on central corneal thickness in diabetics and non – diabetics","authors":"Sumalath Sai Keerthi Mathukumalli, Bharath Tumma, N. Mukkamala","doi":"10.18231/j.ijceo.2024.064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijceo.2024.064","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes is one of the most leading causes of blindness with complications related to diabetic keratopathy (DK). This chronic metabolic stress makes changes in the endothelial cells of the cornea by loss in pleomorphism, corneal autofluorescence, degeneration of the cells due to stress leads to over hydration of the stroma leads to change in corneal thickness. The central corneal thickness is a sensitive indicator of corneal health and serves as an index for corneal hydration and metabolism. Accurate CCT measurement has diagnostic and therapeutic implications.Cross-sectional comparative study was done with 260 patients divided into two groups. Group 1 included patients with diabetes and group II patients without diabetes (Control group) of age group between 45 to 80 years who are attending Ophthalmology OPD in a time period of 2 months. Thorough history of patients was taken and underwent visual acuity testing, BCVA, IOP, fundus examination, HbA1c and CCT measurement using Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT).Mean CCT in diabetic population was 560.38±44.51 µm, while in control group was 500.32±39.63 µm with statistically significant p value of <0.001. Correlation analysis shows duration of diabetes and HbA1c shows significant relation and age doesn’t show any correlation with CCT.Our study demonstrates that individuals with diabetes mellitus or increased levels of HbA1c had higher CCT, regardless of age or gender. This signifies that CCT was influenced by prolonged increased levels of blood glucose.","PeriodicalId":13485,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141648226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijceo.2024.067
A. R. Rajan, Sreelakshmi Arun, C. V. A. (. Kakkanatt, A. Rafi, Brinda Soman
To study the retinal changes in various grades of anemia and compare them with controls by analysing the peripapillary RNFL (retinal nerve fibre layer) thickness and CDR (cup-disc ratio) in OCT.Anemia is a common health problem, iron deficiency (IDA) being the most common type. It has deleterious visual effects through enhancement of ischemic effects.Changes in RNFL and CDR are seen in many ischemic retinal diseases.Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a non invasive imaging modality that gives a cross-sectional topographic imaging of retina.Our study aims at analysing RNFL thickness and CDR by OCT in our subjects.Our study was conducted including 44 each of anemic and non anemic people, after classifying the anemic group further based on WHO criteria. After detailed clinical examination, OCT was done and peri-papillary RNFL in 4 quadrants and vertical CDR were assessed and compared.Peripapillary RNFL thickness in anemia group was significantly thinner than controls, the change more pronounced in severe anemia than other groups. CDR was significantly high in severe anemia than others.Retinal changes in anemia has a correlation with the severity of anemia. RNFL and CDR changes can predispose to serious visual defects in future. Hence, anemia screening and correction along with frequent clinical and OCT evaluation in such patients can be useful in early detection and prevention of anemic retinopathy.
贫血是一种常见的健康问题，缺铁（IDA）是其中最常见的类型，它会通过增强缺血效应对视觉产生有害影响。光学相干断层扫描（OCT）是一种非侵入性成像方式，可对视网膜进行横截面地形成像。我们的研究旨在通过 OCT 分析受试者的 RNFL 厚度和 CDR。经过详细的临床检查后，我们对受试者进行了 OCT 检查，评估并比较了 4 个象限的毛细血管周围 RNFL 和垂直 CDR。贫血组视网膜的变化与贫血的严重程度有关。贫血患者视网膜的变化与贫血的严重程度有关，RNFL 和 CDR 的变化可能预示着未来严重的视力缺陷。因此，对这类患者进行贫血筛查和纠正，同时经常进行临床和 OCT 评估，有助于早期发现和预防贫血性视网膜病变。
{"title":"Retinal changes in anemia - A comparative cross sectional study using SD-OCT","authors":"A. R. Rajan, Sreelakshmi Arun, C. V. A. (. Kakkanatt, A. Rafi, Brinda Soman","doi":"10.18231/j.ijceo.2024.067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijceo.2024.067","url":null,"abstract":"To study the retinal changes in various grades of anemia and compare them with controls by analysing the peripapillary RNFL (retinal nerve fibre layer) thickness and CDR (cup-disc ratio) in OCT.Anemia is a common health problem, iron deficiency (IDA) being the most common type. It has deleterious visual effects through enhancement of ischemic effects.Changes in RNFL and CDR are seen in many ischemic retinal diseases.Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a non invasive imaging modality that gives a cross-sectional topographic imaging of retina.Our study aims at analysing RNFL thickness and CDR by OCT in our subjects.Our study was conducted including 44 each of anemic and non anemic people, after classifying the anemic group further based on WHO criteria. After detailed clinical examination, OCT was done and peri-papillary RNFL in 4 quadrants and vertical CDR were assessed and compared.Peripapillary RNFL thickness in anemia group was significantly thinner than controls, the change more pronounced in severe anemia than other groups. CDR was significantly high in severe anemia than others.Retinal changes in anemia has a correlation with the severity of anemia. RNFL and CDR changes can predispose to serious visual defects in future. Hence, anemia screening and correction along with frequent clinical and OCT evaluation in such patients can be useful in early detection and prevention of anemic retinopathy.","PeriodicalId":13485,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141648064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijceo.2024.056
Miru Khanal, Triptesh Raj Pandey, S. K. Sah, Shrban Sah
The study was to identify the various binocular vision dysfunctions in different occupations requiring near work. It affects their near work as well as their performance. The cross-sectional study was conducted among 105 participants. Eye examination included visual acuity assessment, objective and subjective refraction, and details of orthoptic evaluation were done. Data was taken in an Excel sheet and analysis was made using the statistical software IBM SPSS Statistics 22.: Of the total (105) participants, 20-20% were equally drawn from each occupation. the mean value of the positive fusional vergence: recovery (near) was noticed low 7.2±3.5 among the teachers compared to 8.5±4.0 among the tailors, 9.4±3.9 among the bankers and higher 11.7±5.4 among the health workers (F = 3.38, p <0.05). The mean of the accommodative facility left eye was high 4.9±2.5 among the health workers compared to 3.6±1.8 among the teachers, 2.7±1.3 among the tailors, and 2.6±1.2 among the bankers (F = 5.11, p < 0.01). Near work for 8 hrs can lead to binocular abnormalities’ despite of occupation. The majority of the groups were affected by accommodative insufficiency and convergence insufficiency. They need to be provided with therapy according to their condition for better symptom relief.
{"title":"Study on status of binocular vision in different occupations","authors":"Miru Khanal, Triptesh Raj Pandey, S. K. Sah, Shrban Sah","doi":"10.18231/j.ijceo.2024.056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijceo.2024.056","url":null,"abstract":"The study was to identify the various binocular vision dysfunctions in different occupations requiring near work. It affects their near work as well as their performance. The cross-sectional study was conducted among 105 participants. Eye examination included visual acuity assessment, objective and subjective refraction, and details of orthoptic evaluation were done. Data was taken in an Excel sheet and analysis was made using the statistical software IBM SPSS Statistics 22.: Of the total (105) participants, 20-20% were equally drawn from each occupation. the mean value of the positive fusional vergence: recovery (near) was noticed low 7.2±3.5 among the teachers compared to 8.5±4.0 among the tailors, 9.4±3.9 among the bankers and higher 11.7±5.4 among the health workers (F = 3.38, p <0.05). The mean of the accommodative facility left eye was high 4.9±2.5 among the health workers compared to 3.6±1.8 among the teachers, 2.7±1.3 among the tailors, and 2.6±1.2 among the bankers (F = 5.11, p < 0.01). Near work for 8 hrs can lead to binocular abnormalities’ despite of occupation. The majority of the groups were affected by accommodative insufficiency and convergence insufficiency. They need to be provided with therapy according to their condition for better symptom relief.","PeriodicalId":13485,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141648877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijceo.2024.061
Naheed Akhtar, Rumana Aafreen, Abdul Waris
To study the RNFL thickness in amblyopia at Institute of Ophthalmology, JNMCH, AMU, Aligarh.Prospective cross-sectional study.This study was conducted on 30 amblyopic children of age ranging between 6-16 years at Institute of Ophthalmology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and Hospital, AMU, Aligarh after taking institutional ethical clearance and informed consent from parents of the patients. A brief clinical history was taken and detailed eye examination was done for visual acuity. Evaluation and quantification of strabismus was done. SD- OCT was performed after dilatation of pupil with 1% cyclomid eye drop on all enrolled children for evaluation of RNFL thickness and GCC thickness. RNFL thickness and GCC thickness of amblyopic eyes were compared with the fellow eyes. Data entry and analysis was done using paired t-test and p- values <0.05 was considered statistically significant. JASP application version 0.16.4.0 was used for statistical analysis of data and results.Out of 30 children23 were anisometropic amblyopic and 7 were mixed amblyopic. Average RNFL thickness was more in amblyopic eye as compared to fellow eye. This difference in RNFL thickness between the eyes remained statistically significant in an anisometropic amblyopic eyes (p<0.001) but not in mixed amblyopic eyes (p=0.50). No significant difference was found on comparing GCC thickness between the eyes in both the groups (anisometropic amblyopic and mixed amblyopic) (p=0.88,0.30). Amblyopic eyes have more RNFL thickness than fellow eyes. Therefore, we conclude that amblyopia may involve retinal structure, also exploding the old age myth that only cortical changes are responsible.
{"title":"Can retinal nerve fiber layer thickness be an indicator of amblyopia – Opening new horizons","authors":"Naheed Akhtar, Rumana Aafreen, Abdul Waris","doi":"10.18231/j.ijceo.2024.061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijceo.2024.061","url":null,"abstract":"To study the RNFL thickness in amblyopia at Institute of Ophthalmology, JNMCH, AMU, Aligarh.Prospective cross-sectional study.This study was conducted on 30 amblyopic children of age ranging between 6-16 years at Institute of Ophthalmology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and Hospital, AMU, Aligarh after taking institutional ethical clearance and informed consent from parents of the patients. A brief clinical history was taken and detailed eye examination was done for visual acuity. Evaluation and quantification of strabismus was done. SD- OCT was performed after dilatation of pupil with 1% cyclomid eye drop on all enrolled children for evaluation of RNFL thickness and GCC thickness. RNFL thickness and GCC thickness of amblyopic eyes were compared with the fellow eyes. Data entry and analysis was done using paired t-test and p- values <0.05 was considered statistically significant. JASP application version 0.16.4.0 was used for statistical analysis of data and results.Out of 30 children23 were anisometropic amblyopic and 7 were mixed amblyopic. Average RNFL thickness was more in amblyopic eye as compared to fellow eye. This difference in RNFL thickness between the eyes remained statistically significant in an anisometropic amblyopic eyes (p<0.001) but not in mixed amblyopic eyes (p=0.50). No significant difference was found on comparing GCC thickness between the eyes in both the groups (anisometropic amblyopic and mixed amblyopic) (p=0.88,0.30). Amblyopic eyes have more RNFL thickness than fellow eyes. Therefore, we conclude that amblyopia may involve retinal structure, also exploding the old age myth that only cortical changes are responsible.","PeriodicalId":13485,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141645254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijceo.2024.037
R. P. Maurya, Kokil Tiwari
{"title":"Role of targeted therapy in ophthalmic tumors","authors":"R. P. Maurya, Kokil Tiwari","doi":"10.18231/j.ijceo.2024.037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijceo.2024.037","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13485,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141648793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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