Therapeutic potential of vitamin supplements in dry eye disease: A comprehensive review

Dry eye disease (DED) stands as a widespread global health issue that impacts people's quality of life, productivity at work, and financial stability significantly. It is identified by either a decrease in tear production, heightened evaporation of tears, or the presence of low-quality tears. These factors collectively contribute to inflammation, damage to the surface of the eye, and unusual perception of pain. The development of DED involving instability in the tear film, increased tear fluid concentration (hyperosmolarity), and inflammation. This cycle tends to sustain itself. Conventional treatments like artificial tear replacements and corticosteroids have proven to be ineffective in addressing this condition. Alongside conventional anti-inflammatory medications, nutrients that possess both anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties have gained attention as potential DED treatments. Emerging data shows a connection between vitamin deficiencies and a significant DED risk, highlighting the role of vitamins in ocular health. Evidence supports that vitamins may interrupt the vicious cycle of DED pathogenesis and ameliorate inflammation. The review explores the efficacy of vitamins like vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin C, and vitamin E in mitigating the Complications of DED. The findings suggest that vitamin supplementation holds promise as a complementary approach to managing DED.