Quantitative Analysis of Diagenesis Control on the Spatial Heterogeneity of Sarvak Carbonate Formation, the Dezful Embayment of Zagros Basin, Western Iran

The heterogeneity indices in conventional carbonate reservoirs are usually influenced by various diagenetic processes. The main aim of this study is to build 3D geological models of the diagenetic and heterogeneity indices addressing the role of diagenesis on spatial heterogeneity variations in the Sarvak carbonate reservoir of an Iranian oil field situated in the Dezful Embayment in the Zagros Basin. Vertical heterogeneity has been discussed in many studies, but the literature is limited on the 3D geological modeling of heterogeneity and providing spatial heterogeneity maps. In this study, we determined the main diagenetic parameters influencing the reservoir heterogeneity and constructed 3D geological models for evaluating the spatial heterogeneity. A couple of heterogeneity indices including the coefficients of variation (CVs) of porosity and permeability, Lorenz coefficient, and Dykstra-Parsons coefficient in cored intervals along with some diagenetic parameters were calculated and modeled. This study shows that lateral heterogeneity is mappable and correlatable with different diagenetic overprints along with shale volume, which controls the reservoir quality and spatial heterogeneity. It also indicates that lateral trends of the heterogeneity indices in different zones of the studied reservoir are influenced by other diagenetic parameters such as secondary porosity (SPI), dolomitization, cementation, and velocity deviation log (VDL, as a diagenetic index). Different diagenetic parameters control reservoir heterogeneity in each zone by decreasing or increasing the degree of the heterogeneity, some of which have dual constructive or destructive effects on heterogeneity indices. Moreover, the results show that the effect of shale volume on reservoir heterogeneity is significant, especially when the amount of the shale volume is notable.